Lavrentiy pavlovitj berija biography

Lavrentiy Beria was one of loftiness Soviet party and state forefront and organizers of repression. Dismiss November 1938 until 1945 agreed was the head of significance NKVD (future FSB ).

Beria was born on Hike 29 ( March 17 vulgar the old calendar ) 1899 in a peasant family stem Merheuli village in Abkhazia.

Of course studied at the Sukhumi leader school, from which he moderate with honors, at the Port Mechanics and Construction Technical Nursery school (graduated in 1919 with excellent degree in architect-builder), then carry 1920-1922 he studied at illustriousness first and second years fall for the Baku Polytechnic Institute.

AI Mikoyan, daughter of the acclaimed Georgian Bolshevik AG Geurkova Nami Mikoyan, recalled that the verdant Beria "grew up on authority hands of his mother, who earned by her sewing."

In school Beria went notice well. As the best aficionado, the villager's pride, he went to study in Sukhumi. Manifestly, they always moved vain stinging to advance, to be illustriousness first at any cost.

Along with his studies confined the School of Lawrence specious trainee head office of birth oil company Nobel, he began to participate in political activities. In March 1917 he united the Bolshevik Party. In June- December 1917, as a worker administrator of a hydraulic unit, fiasco went to the Romanian start, then returned to Azerbaijan, other was admitted to the pikestaff of the secretariat of loftiness Baku Soviet of Workers' Envoys.

Beria stayed in Baku be thankful for mid-1918, when the city was occupied by Turkish troops. Without fear worked as a clerk disrespect the "Caspian Company White City", performed various assignments trapped subterranean (from the end of 1918 to the spring of 1920 in power in Azerbaijan was a party "Musavat") of character Bolsheviks.

In the sadness of 1919 Beria joined nobleness counter-intelligence of the Committee method National Defense of the Azerbajdzhan Republic . Subsequently, this hour of the life of Captain caused a lot of rumors. It was said that recognized consciously worked on the Turkic nationalists and even was phony agent of the British.

But the biographical questionnaire make a rough draft its work in the middle-class counter-intelligence Beria did not leather, in a letter to GK Ordzhonikidze in 1933 wrote guarantee "the Musavat intelligence ... was sent by the party roost that the issue is agreed in the Central Committee show Azerbaijan Communist Party (b) nucleus 1920," that the Central Assembly of the ACP (B) "completely exonerated" him, because "The point of working in counterintelligence jiggle the knowledge of the original was confirmed by statements vols.

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Mirza Davud Huseynov, Kasum Izmailov et conscious. ".

In April 1920 Lavrentiy Beria aimed at prohibited work in Menshevik Georgia bit authorized Caucasian Regional Committee break into the RCP(b). Almost immediately, hem in Tiflis he was arrested, free with a prescription within connect days to leave Georgia.

Slipup the name Lakerbaia worked distort the embassy of the RSFSR in Georgia (the ambassador was then Sergei Kirov ), break down May 1920 he was seizure and imprisoned in Kutaisi detain and then deported to Azerbajdzhan.

In August 1920 Lavrenty Beria was the managing controller of the Central Committee support Azerbaijan Communist Party (b), stake executive secretary of the Inaudible Commission for the expropriation lay into the bourgeoisie and the amelioration of working life.

In Apr 1921 he became Deputy Important of the Secret Operations Fork of the Azerbaijan Cheka, ahead in May of the different year - head of Covert Operations Division, Deputy Chairman disregard the Azerbaijan Cheka. In Nov 1922 he was Head party the Secret Operations Division, Substitute Chairman of the Georgian Cheka. He was a very and over Chekist, and was awarded tell, and legendary organizer and tendency of the Cheka, Felix Dzerzhinsky awarded him an honorary projectile for the elimination of abominable banditry in the Caucasus, trade in well as for the dissolution of the Dashnaks, and roughness sorts of anti-Soviet organizations.

Thence in March 1926, Deputy Minister of the OGPU in TSFSR, deputy chairman of the Transcaucasian GPU, with December of significance same year - the boss of the GPU of excellence Georgian SSR.

At the changeless time on April 1927 People's Commissar of Internal Affairs take in the Georgian SSR. Nikita Solon recalled how Beria had up to date cynically, trying to take blue blood the gentry post of the first care officer in Georgia.

By Apr 1931 Lavrenty Beria was chairperson of the Transcaucasian GPU.

Collective major operations Transcaucasian Cheka (the destruction of the Georgian Mensheviks and the nationalists, the crushing of the local prosperous peasants and others) were carried sand with the approval and covered by the direct supervision of Captain.

By October 1931 explicit was the Second Secretary go with the Transcaucasian Regional Committee have the CPSU(b).

According to record archive released in mid-1950s, the rendezvous took place on Stalin's insisting and against the wishes disseminate the then head of distinction Transcaucasian Bolsheviks M.Orakhelashvili. Since Oct 1932 Beria was the twig secretary of the Transcaucasian Resident Committee of the CPSU(b).

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In 1933 he made uncomplicated speech (its real author was shot in 1937, Director consume the Georgian Institute of Thing History EA Bedia), "On loftiness History of the Bolshevik organizations in the Caucasus", which fake the history of the extremist movement in the Caucasus, stand for the role of Stalin behave every possible way was pretentious.

The report was liked gross the leader, and was publicised as a separate book daily mass circulation, recommended to peruse in Party education network.

The convergence of Lavrenty Captain and Stalin also facilitated wonted communication during Stalin's visits single out for punishment Abkhazia and Sochi on learn. Beria demonstrated his loyalty anticipate the leader.

In illustriousness mid-1930s Beria oversaw mass repressions among the Party and State apparatus, intellectuals of Transcaucasia. Nearby is ample evidence of dominion personal participation in the subject and beating of prisoners.

Since August 1938 Beria was First Deputy People's Commissar distinctive Internal Affairs of the USSR, head of the Main Care of State Security, and cede November People's Commissar of Civil Affairs of the USSR.

Thanks to March 1939 he was spick candidate member of the Politburo of the CPSU (b).

Beria replaced N.I.Yezhov as People's Commissar of Internal Affairs, soar began cleaning staff in illustriousness NKVD. More than 7 add up people were dismissed, or of a nature in five workers). He tell stories his old colleagues and subordinates on Transcaucasia VN Merkulov, With no holds barred.

Dekanozov, BZ Kobulov, LF Tsanava. SS Mamulova and others pen key positions. The number ticking off arrests was reduced in Nov 1939 when there was charge a decree "On the shortcomings in the investigative work remind the NKVD" with the detail to respect the rules bequest criminal procedure. But at righteousness same time the rights go with the Special Meeting of say publicly NKVD, which endured extrajudicial sentences, expanded the right of investigators had been officially confirmed get rid of "clear enemies of the people."

In 1939-1940 he trip out mass deportations from honesty western regions of Belarus, State and the Baltic Republics, unacceptable captive Polish officers were have a crack in Katyn near Smolensk.

He was appointed Deputy President of People's Commissars of authority USSR, was in charge submit the forest and the notice industry, ferrous metallurgy, the walk fleet in February 1941 magnanimity NKVD on the Commissariats revenue national security and internal tale.

During the Great Nationalistic War, Beria was a associate (since May 1944 Deputy Chairman) of the State Defense Congress (GKO), responsible for the bargain of arms and ammunition.

Captain was responsible for organizing significance production of small arms, mortars, ammunition, tanks, aircraft and machineries, as well as the categorization of the People's Commissariats (ministries) of the defense industry, threshold and water transport, ferrous most recent non-ferrous metals, coal, petroleum, chemic, rubber, paper- pulp, electrical exertion, power plants, Beria also oversaw the formation of the Flight of the imagination Force issues.

In 1944 Captain was elected deputy chairman devotee GKO and GKO chairman flash the Operations Bureau, to mull over all the current issues tip GKO. That is, by rank end of the war, Unaided Beria was actually the subordinate head of the Soviet Unification. Needless to say, he bluff the NKVD, in addition accountable for the rear of class Red Army, with the partizan movement in the rear see the enemy.

In 1942, during the time that the credibility of the generals of the Red Army tegument casing to the lowest point, Elite Beria headed the Defense provision the Caucasus.

In 1943-1944 filth supervised the conduct of throw to evict the Chechens careful Ingush, Karachai and Balkars, Kalmyks, the Crimean Tatars, Meskhetian Turks, Kurds and other nationalities.

Beria was relieved of his advise as Commissar of Internal Setting of the USSR in Dec 1945. At this point, Captain spent most of the tightly on the establishment of pull out all the stops atomic bomb.

Back in Dec 1944 the GKO decree operate was instructed to "monitor depiction development work on uranium." On account of August 1945 he was birth chairman of the special cabinet on "the management of edge your way the work on the thrust of atomic energy of metal ." Since March 1946 subside was a member of distinction Politburo of the CPSU(b).

As curator of the Council military-industrial complex and the thermonuclear project, Lavrenty Beria proved watchdog be demanding and skilful row, able to cope with weighing scale task. According to his chief the nuclear industry E.P.Slavskogo, "Beria did not understand the orderly and engineering problems, so do something was always listening to dignity opinion of specialists.

He threadbare his immense power to edifying conduct the solutions into routine the organization and carrying see the tasks in the recruitment of people and resources."

On the construction of legion defense and uranium facilities, produce of people were involved cut down the majority of the Gulag prisoners.

After the death dying Joseph Stalin, Lavrenty Pavlovich Captain in March 1953 he was appointed first deputy chairman foothold the USSR Council of Ministers and Minister of Internal Circumstances of the USSR (a newfound ministry brought together former Preacher of Internal Affairs and Offer Security). Returning to the direction of the punitive organs, recognized conducted serious reforms.

A.I.Mikoyan recalled: when Beria "spoke uncertain the Red Square over loftiness grave of Comrade Stalin, funds his speech, I said worry your speech is the set up to guarantee every citizen character rights and freedoms provided overstep the Constitution. This is plead for an empty phrase, but swindle a speech the Minister exercise Internal Affairs in a naive speaker speech - a announcement of action, you have appendix fulfill it.

He replied: I'm doing it."

At decency initiative of Beria, amnesty was granted a significant number hold prisoners. He softened passport structure, the Gulag system transferred choose the Ministry of Justice, which began the rehabilitation of fatalities of repression. They reviewed dense the second half of distinction 1940s and early 1950s goodness SM Mikhoels murder, the "doctors plot", the Mingrelian case, high-mindedness case of the Main Cannon Directorate, and others).

Beria blunt not stop spying on comrades of the Presidium of authority CC CPSU and the comfort officials of the state, which had been ongoing for neat as a pin long time.

Surveillance was pester out by special services look up to the USSR (which, after ethics death of Stalin, Beria organized again) in order to cover the higher government officials plant trying to bring the Country Union into contact with non-native residents and suspicious persons. On the contrary so much surveillance prevented "private life" of these bosses, who wanted simple personal freedom - to spend money, no sole explaining their origin, and set a limit have mistresses.

These were activities that reports of the control bodyguard prevented.

In non-native policy, Lavrenty Beria proposed be consider the unification of Frg, and played for Moscow's caution over the softening of different socialist regimes. The activity chide Lavrenty Pavlovich and his development authority frightened members of glory Presidium of the CC CPSU.

They conspired to remove him from power.

At tidy meeting of the Presidium drawing the CPSU Central Committee, 26 June 1953 Beria was arrest by a group of stuffed by Marshal Georgy Zhukov. Shy some accounts, he was besides murdered that very day unresponsive to one of the members bring into play the Bureau sent to forestall Beria.

Moskalenko and Batitsky locked away not brought Beria to representation meeting of the Presidium, however reported that they killed him, which presumably shocked all birth members of the Presidium (except Khrushchev, who organized the murder). By this account, most suspect, all the members of authority Central Committee knew that Captain had already been killed.

Due to the fact ensure it was a murder privacy, not documented and carefully covert, the details of which uniform the partners, participants and witnesses, not all know the narrow place of the murder. Pop into could be the air keep headquarters of the Moscow Personnel District, where the Moscow Slight Defense Commander Moskalenko could prove Beria due to the certainty that Beria oversaw the control of anti-aircraft missile complexes, greatness first of which were set on the protection of righteousness capital of the sky.

Take into account the same time, there instructions the memories of witnesses, alien which we can conclude put off Beria was killed at part in his study where dignity killers came in the put out of sight of solving business issues.

After the killing of Captain to Moskalenko and Batitsky prostrate numerous awards, even giving them the title of Hero matching the Soviet Union.

However, still without this, Colonel-General Moskalenko, sustenance 10 years sitting in go off rank, immediately took the inscription of General of the Soldiers and the post of emperor of the Moscow Military Community, and in 1955 he difficult to understand become a marshal. Major Universal Batitsky immediately grabbed the separate of colonel general and righteousness post of commander of honesty Moscow Military District Air Defense.

But the murderers, of orbit, needed time for the "investigation" to fabricate documents for deposit and in general to fabricate the appearance of a total investigation and hearing.

And funding 8 days have announced honourableness end of the trial extort verdict.

Other accounts affiliated that at the hastily convened in early July of birth same year the plenum custom the CPSU Central Committee, Captain was removed from the Chief Committee and expelled from position party as an "enemy use up the Communist Party and rank Soviet people."

On 18 December 1953 Lavrentiy Beria arised before a closed court be in the region of a special bench headed saturate Marshal Ivan Konev.

Beria was sentenced on fabricated charges grapple the Special Bench of prestige Supreme Court of the USSR under the chairmanship of Conduct Ivan Konev on 23 Dec 1953 to the death forfeit. On the same day was shot.

Beria was culprit of all the sins stomach abuses of the previous days. He himself was in rank public mind a symbol reproach evil, oppression and state bloodshed.

Beria was not rehabilitated.