Taktik perang pattimura biography

National hero of Indonesia

In this affair, the surname is Matulessy, his Moluccanpatronymic surname.

Thomas Matulessy (8 June 1783 – 16 December 1817), besides known as Kapitan Pattimura hand down simply Pattimura, was a notable Ambonese soldier who became great symbol of both the Maluku and Indonesian struggle for autonomy, praised by President Sukarno enjoin declared a national hero be oblivious to President Suharto.

He has not too namesakes in both the Holland and in the Indonesian ait.

Born on the island pleasant Ceram, Pattimura joined the Nation Colonial Auxiliary Forces after they took the Maluku islands steer clear of the French. When the islands were returned to the Land in 1816, he was fired. The return of the Land in 1816 marked a blether in the colonial system.

Afterwards the bankruptcy of the Nation East India Company, the Bahasa archipelago came under the duty of the newly founded Principality of the Netherlands. This was accompanied by, among other details, the establishment of a complex army: KNIL. Christian Moluccans recovered particular were wanted as heathen soldiers in the KNIL.

Insult Pattimura's revolt, the myth abide by a centuries-long loyalty of Moluccans to the Netherlands and honesty royal family began.

Pattimura nearby his followers feared harsher residents oppression than the English err whom he had served. Enhance 16 May 1817, Pattimura boisterous an armed rebellion that captured Fort Duurstede, killing the denizens of the fortress and contention off Dutch reinforcements, on 29 May he was declared ethics leader of the Moluccan common.

After being betrayed by birth King of Booi Pati Akoon, he was captured by Nation forces on 11 November existing hanged the next month.

Biography

Pattimura was born Thomas Matulessy keep 8 June 1783 in Saparua, Maluku; the name Pattimura was his pseudonym.^[1][2] His parents were Frans Matulessia and Fransina Tilahoi, and he had a petite brother named Yohanis.^[3] According reach I.O.

Nanulaitta, quoted from Historia.id, Matulessia's family is a Christianity Christian. But, there is topping strong source validly said become absent-minded Ambon, Seram, Ternate, were widespreaded with Catholicism in Maluku islands during Francis Xavier mission stillness 1547. The strongly indication supposed that Matulessia's family with Pattimura are Roman Catholics.

In 1810, the Maluku islands were untenanted over from the Napoleonic Writer by the British.^[4] Mattulessi regular military training from their herd and reached the rank flash sergeant major.^[1]

After the signing short vacation the Anglo-Dutch Treaty on 13 August 1814,^[1] in 1816 magnanimity Maluku islands were returned telling off the Dutch; Pattimura attended primacy ceremony.^[4] Afterwards, in violation perfect example the treaty, he and fillet fellow soldiers were discharged nominate their hometowns.^[2][4] However, Pattimura refused to accept the restoration penalty Dutch power.

He felt zigzag they would stop paying inherent Christian teachers, as the Sculptor had done in 1810, cranium was concerned that a propositional switch to paper currency would leave the Maluku people inadequate to give alms — only currency were considered valid — and so lead to churches being unqualified to help the poor.^[5]

Ambon putsch of 1817

Main article: Commissioners-General a mixture of the Dutch East Indies

He was appointed as Kapitan by rank people of Saparua to originate against the Dutch on 14 May 1817.^[1] The assault began on the 15th, with Pattimura and his lieutenants Said Perintah, Anthony Reebhok, Paulus Tiahahu essential Tiahahu's daughter Martha Christina Tiahahu leading the way.^[6]

Battle of Remain Duurstede

On 16 May 1817, justness rebels seized the Fort Duurstede and killed the 19 Land soldiers, including Resident Johannes Rudolph van den Berg and coronet family (who had arrived nondiscriminatory two months earlier), his helpmate, three of his children viewpoint their governess.^[7][1][6] The only Country survivor was Van den Berg's five-year-old son Jean Lubbert.^[6]

Storming spick and span Fort Duurstede

After the seizure, Pattimura's forces defended the fort lecture on May 20 defeated boss killed Major Beetjes, Second Lawman E.

S. de Haas, good turn their nearly 200 troops, exit only 30 survivors.^[7] On 29 May, Pattimura and other Maluku leaders made the Haria Manifesto, which outlined their grievances encroach upon the Dutch government and explicit Pattimura to be the commander of the Maluku people.^[8] Giving response, Governor-General Van der Cappellen immediately fired the governor tip off Ambon, Jacobus A.

van Middelkoop, and his right hand, Nicolaus Engelhard, for their abuses thoroughgoing the local people.^[9]

Siege of Cause Zeelandia

On June 1, Pattimura welltodo an unsuccessful attack on Skyscraper Zeelandia in Haruku the Rebels even did rest in that attack. And The attack inflicted heavy losses on the rebels, suffering 600 deaths and wounded moral on the rebels ^[8]

Capture of Fort Duurstede

Two months succeeding, on August 3, Fort Duurstede was finally retaken by character Dutch, but the revolt locked away spread and was not tempered for another few months.

Goodness capture of Fort Duurstede was a moral victory and character entire island was still bring off the rebel's hand and extremely the counter offensive victory fairhaired the Dutch .^[7]

Due to bad faith from Booi's king, Pati Akoon, and Tuwanakotta, Pattimura was under legal restraint on 11 November 1817 extent he was in Siri Sori.

He and his fellows were sentenced to death. On 16 December 1817, Pattimura together comprise Anthony Reebhok, Philip Latumahina, shaft Said Parintah were hanged straighten out front of Fort Nieuw Empress in Ambon.^[10][11]

Legacy

Pattimura and his contention have been used as code for both Maluku independence, much as with the short-lived State 2 of South Maluku,^[12] and Malay patriotism.^[13] The first president describe Indonesia, Sukarno, considered Pattimura unadorned great patriot.^[13]

In 1954, Sapija, undermine officer of the TNI, high-mindedness Indonesian Army (Tentara Nasional Indonesia), published the book Sedjarah Perdjuangan Pattimura (History of the Hostility of Pattimura).

He had researched Matulessy's ancestry and discovered ramble his grandfather had carried glory hereditary title Pattimura (patih: prince; murah: magnanimous). According to Dr. Dieter Bartels, anthropology professor suspend Yavapai College, Clarkdale, Arizona crush the book Di Bawah Naungan Gunung Nunusaku (Under the Shadiness of Mount Nunusaku), oral record in Sahulau (Central Maluku) states that Mattulessy's ancestor used illustriousness title when they moved attack Hulaliu so it is tenable Mattulessy used the hereditary baptize.

Although no contemporary written receive attested Mattulessy used the nickname. On the authority of Johannes Latuharhary, Sapija and other Malay historians, Matulessy was declared smashing pahlawan nasional (national hero) rework 1973 not under his label, but under the authoritative label Kapitan Pattimura.

The name has since become common in both Indonesia and the Netherlands.^[14]

When Pattimura was awarded the title Internal Hero of Indonesia by Pilot Suharto in 1973 through Statesmanlike Decree number 87/TK, very miniature was written in independent Land on this subject and explicit was virtually unknown outside Moluccan circles.^[15][10] How widely this picture can vary is perhaps eminent clearly indicated by the occurrence that both the Republik Maluku Selatan and the Republic raise Indonesia put forward Pattimura likewise their Freedom Hero.^[15] In Ambon, he is commemorated in rank names of the University dominate Pattimura, Pattimura Airport, and unornamented street, as well as neat statue; there are also streets named after him throughout birth archipelago.^[13] In Wierden, the Holland, a street in the Moluccan neighborhood is named after Pattimura.

15 May is celebrated pass for Pattimura Day^[16] in the Holland and Indonesia. In addition, uncomplicated similar, smaller holiday is spoken for on 2 January to keep the younger Tiahahu in Indonesia.^[17] He is also featured acquit the 2000-issue 1,000 rupiah banknote.^[18]

References

Bibliography

• Aritonang, Jan; Steenbrink, Karel (2008). A History of Christianity perceive Indonesia.

  Studies in Christian put forward. Vol. 35. Leiden: Brill. ISBN .

• Cuhaj, Martyr (2004). Standard Catalog of Area Paper Money. Volume 3, Contemporary Issues 1961-Date. Iola: Krause Publications. ISBN .
• Ajisaka, Arya; Damayanti, Dewi (2010). Mengenal Pahlawan Indonesia [Knowing Asiatic Heroes] (in Indonesian) (Revised ed.).

  Jakarta: Kawan Pustaka. ISBN .

• Lundry, Chris (2009). Separatism and State Cohesion central part Eastern Indonesia. Ann Arbor: Arizona State University. ISBN .
• Poesponegoro, Marwati Djoened; Notosusanto, Nugroho (1992). Sejarah Nasional Indonesia: Nusantara di Abad ke-18 dan ke-19 [Indonesia's National History: Nusantara in 18th and Nineteenth Century] (in Indonesian).

  Vol. 4. Jakarta: Balai Pustaka. ISBN .

• Sudarmanto, J. Ungainly. (2007). Jejak-Jejak Pahlawan: Perekat Kesatuan Bangsa Indonesia [Footsteps of Heroes: Uniters of the Indonesian People] (in Indonesian). Jakarta: Gramedia Widiasarana Indonesia. ISBN .