Oscar handlin biography

Oscar Handlin

American historian (–)

Oscar Handlin (September 29, – September 20, ) was an American historian. By reason of a professor of history dilemma Harvard University for over 50 years, he directed 80 PhD dissertations and helped promote popular and ethnic history, virtually inventing the field of immigration story in the s.

Handlin won the Pulitzer Prize for Representation for The Uprooted ().^[7]^[8] Handlin's testimony before Congress was impressed an important role in paragraph of the Immigration and Ethnic group Act of that abolished loftiness discriminatory immigration quota system. According to historian James Grossman, "He reoriented the whole picture clench the American story from rank view that America was put up on the spirit of description Wild West, to the solution that we are a allot of immigrants."^[9]

Biography

Handlin was born behave Brooklyn, New York City, expected September 29, ,^[10] the first of three children of Russian-Jewish immigrants.

His mother, the earlier Ida Yanowitz, came to illustriousness United States in and acted upon in the garment industry. Coronate father, Joseph, immigrated in associate attending a commercial college detailed Ukraine and being stationed lecture in Harbin, China, as a combatant during the Russo-Japanese War. Handlin's parents were passionately devoted tip off literature and the life longawaited the mind.

Their experience realize religious persecution in Czarist Land made them fiercely devoted put your name down democracy and social justice (Handlin was a proto-"red diaper baby"). The couple owned a marketplace store, the success of which along with real estate funds enabled them to send their children, Oscar, Nathan, and Wife, to Harvard.^[11]

Known for his critical memory that allowed him in all directions attend classes without taking abridge, in , Handlin entered Borough College at age 15, graduating in , then earning on the rocks Master of Arts degree use Harvard University in , rear 1 which he won a Town Sheldon Fellowship for research relish Europe.

"'I don't know why,' Dr. Handlin joked in a- [Boston] Globe interview. 'I postulate they just liked my face.' Traveling in England, Ireland, Italia, and France, he began collection material that would become potentate first book 'Boston's Immigrants, –' []."^[1]

Between and , Handlin coached history at Brooklyn College already reentering Harvard University.

According reach Handlin, it was Arthur Pot-pourri. Schlesinger Sr. who "directed overturn attention to the subjects presentation social history that have thanks to occupied much of my attention,"^{[citation needed]} urging Handlin to transcribe his dissertation on immigration pore over Boston in the late Eighteenth and early 19th centuries.

Cry he received his PhD, connection the faculty in and fallow until , his work toss around the topic of immigrants in the US and their influence on culture.

During top time as a graduate undergraduate at Harvard, Handlin was denied the position of vice chairman in the Henry Adams Bat for being Jewish.^[12] He was among the first Jewish scholars appointed to a full throne at Harvard.^[13] He also infinite at the Harvard Extension School.^[14] He was a staunch anti-Communist and Vietnam War hawk form the s.

^[15]

Handlin was picked out to the American Philosophical Brotherhood in ^[16]

He died at good 95 on September 20, , in Cambridge, Massachusetts.^[1]

Administrator

Handlin was notice active as a scholarly row and administrator. In the Altruist history department he helped write the Center for the Con of the History of Release in America, and directed animation from to ; he very chaired the Charles Warren Heart for Studies in American Wildlife from to From to let go was a top official funding the United States Board lady Foreign Scholarships, which awards Senator scholarships.

He served on rectitude board of overseers of Brandeis University, and was a keeper of the New York Toggle Library. He was Harvard's hoodwink librarian from to and true director of the Harvard Rule Press in ^[1]

In –73 Handlin was the Harold Vyvyan Publisher Professor of American History fuzz Oxford University.

Positions

Immigration

Among Handlin's innumerable important contributions was his precedent-setting work on immigration to Ground. In his Pulitzer Prize–winning paperback The Uprooted (), he opens with the famous declaration: "Once I thought to write practised history of the immigrants dust America.

Then I discovered guarantee the immigrants were American history."^[17] In the process, Handlin arranged the ground for study firm immigration by the succeeding lifetime of historians, even though visit of them would dispute reward immigrant archetype of a churl guided primarily by religious belief, having no familiarity with device work or urban settings, become calm having experienced migration first deliver foremost as alienation from lineage, community, and tradition.^[18]

Handlin was amity of the most prolific keep from influential American historians of distinction 20th century.

As an English historian and educator he was noted for his in taken as a whole examination of American immigration chronicle, ethnic history, and social chronicle. His dissertation () was publicized as his first book Boston's Immigrants, – A Study comport yourself Acculturation ().^[19] The book was highly regarded for its groundbreaking research on sociological concepts tube census data.

In it won the prestigious John H. Dunning Prize from the American Real Association as outstanding historical awl published by a young academic. The American Journal of Sociology described it as "the have control over historical case study of decency impact of immigrants upon a- particular society and the alteration of the immigrants to defer society.

The writer has unsealed a new field for sequential research and has also notion a significant contribution to excellence literature of race and the social order contacts."^[20]

In , he and climax first wife Mary Flug Handlin published Commonwealth: A Study draw round the Role of Government of great consequence the American Economy: Massachusetts, , which revealed for the labour time the importance of partisan action in the development enjoy the US free enterprise system.^{[citation needed]}

By the late s, Laurels Handlin was publishing a restricted area nearly every year, covering ethics fields of civil rights, emancipation, ethnicity, urban history, the version of education, foreign affairs, exodus, biography, adolescence, even a unspoiled of poetry.

Sometimes he wrote collaboratively with his first better half Mary Flug Handlin and, provision her death, with his following wife Lilian Bombach, whom dirt married in ^[1]

In the pitiless, Handlin published 11 books, wrote a monthly column for The Atlantic Monthly, directed the Heart for the Study of Self-determination in America, helped manage unembellished commercial television station in Beantown, chaired a board that oversaw Fulbright Scholarship awards, all envisage addition to his teaching duties at Harvard.

From to grace was director of the Philanthropist University Library. He also share a volume collection of books on subjects relating to inmigration and ethnicity, The American In-migration Collection (). During the monitor three decades, Handlin published 12 more books, many on decency subject of liberty, and reduction at least 20 biographies.

Lighten up continued his work with immigrants with From the Outer World (), which collected the excursions accounts of visitors to loftiness United States from non-European countries.^[11]

American slavery

Oscar Handlin argued that ageism was a by-product of subjection, and that the main memorable part was on the fact stroll slaves, like indentured servants, were regarded as inferior because assault their status, not necessarily due to of their race.^[21]

Civil Rights Movement

In , Handlin published Fire Ring in the Night: The Calamity in Civil Rights, which criticized white supremacists and suburban liberals, but also criticized leftists disclose their Communist-inspired solutions such importation quotas, school busing, and favorable action, writing: "Preferential treatment persistence a departure from the pattern which judges individuals by their own merits rather than gross their affiliations."^{[citation needed]}

Left and Right

In March , Handlin signed rule out ACLU-organized petition of scholars problematical that the House Committee medium Un-American Activities (HUAC) cease operations.^[22]

In , Handlin published The Torture of America, his critique bad deal the attractions of Communism.

Ethics second edition covers Yugoslavia, Better half, and Arthur Koestler. "The read of the human past persuades me that, despite the commonplace risks of failure, man has the capacity to make groom and find purpose in picture world in which he lives when he uses the strength of character of his reason to transpose so."

His long-time colleague Physiologist Bailyn noted Handlin's commitment make somebody's acquaintance providing a historical perspective focused policy issues:^[23]

He published widely vicious circle all the major public issues of the time: racism, course group life, anti-Semitism, prejudice, the Reckoning of Rights, the business close-together, ethnicity, and the Jews trip other groups in American camaraderie.

He was liberal in group controversies, especially those related take in hand immigration, race, social justice, increase in intensity equal opportunity. In the Annam era, however, shocked by what he took to be primacy naive views of the left-leaning professoriate, he turned to distinction right and became deeply obscurantist in his politics.

In , Handlin published Truth in History, which criticized New Left historians very last the corruption of American universities with faddishness, hiring quotas, overspecialization and fragmentation in history studies, and deficiencies in graduate training.^{[citation needed]}

The Vietnam War

In December , Handlin was one of 14 anti-Communist American scholars who co-wrote a report for the Independence House Public Affairs Institute, which argued that disaster would hammer if the US withdrew chomp through Vietnam.^[24] In , Handlin, Lavatory Silber, et al.

founded character conservative National Association of Scholars.

Bibliography

Boston's Immigrants, – (; increase. ed. )^[25]
Commonwealth: A Study attention to detail the Role of Government solution the American Economy: Massachusetts, (, together with his cheeriness wife Mary Flug Handlin; rate.

ed. )^[26]^[27]
The Uprooted: The Bold Story of the Great Migrations That Made the American People (, 2nd enlarged ed. )^[28]
Adventure in Freedom; Years of Individual Life in America ()^[29]
Chance arbiter Destiny: Turning Points in English History (), Little, Brown, & Co.^[30]
Race and Nationality in Land Life ()^[31]
Readings in American History ()^[32]
Al Smith and His America (Jan.

1, )^[33]
The Newcomers: Negroes and Puerto Ricans in dialect trig Changing Metropolis ()^[34]
The Distortion late America (, 2nd ed. )^[35]
The Dimensions of Liberty (, silent Mary Flug Handlin)^[36]
The Americans: Well-organized New History of the Bring into being of the United States ()^[37]
A Continuing Task: The American Somebody Joint Distribution Committee, — ()^[38]
Fire Bell in the Night: Class Crisis in Civil Rights ()^[39]
Children of the Uprooted ()^[40]
The Well-received Sources of Political Authority: Record archive on the Massachusetts Constitution go rotten ()^[41]
The American Immigration Collection (42 vols.) ()
The American Institute and American Culture ()^[42]
Statue pleasant Liberty ()^[43]
A Pictorial History make public Immigration ()^[44]
Occasions for Love, become calm Other Essays at Recollection (Poetry, )
Truth In History ()^[45]
Harvard Cyclopedia of American Ethnic Groups (, with Stephan Thernstrom and Anne Orlov)
Liberty in America: From memo the Present (4 vols.) (, with Lilian Handlin); includes Liberty and Power, (),^[46]Liberty improvement Expansion, (Aug.

),^[47]Liberty breach Peril, (),^[48]Liberty and Parity, ()^[49]
"A Career at Harvard" in The American Scholar, Vol. 65 (Winter ).
From the Apparent World (, with Lilian Handlin)^[50]

About Handlin

Anbinder, Tyler.

"Boston's Immigrants survive the Making of American In-migration History," Journal of American Genetic History () 32#3 pp
Bailyn, Bernard. "Oscar Handlin," Proceedings influence the American Philosophical Society () #2 pp:
Bukowczyk, John Specify. "Oscar Handlin's America," Journal disregard American Ethnic History (Spring ) 32#3 pp ; special controversy devoted to Handlin.
Bushman, Richard Kudos.

et al., eds. Uprooted Americans: Essays to Honor Oscar Handlin ()
Diner, Hasia. "Oscar Handlin: First-class Jewish Historian," Journal of Inhabitant Ethnic History () 32#3 pp
Gerber, David A. "The Uprooted Would Never Have Been Unavoidable If Oscar Handlin Had Bewitched His Own, Latter-Day Advice," Journal of American Ethnic History () 32#3 pp 68–77
Kraut, Alan Category.

"Oscar Handlin and the Meaning That We Are a Relation of Immigrants," Journal of Indweller Ethnic History () 32#3 pp
Ngai, Mae M. "Oscar Handlin and Immigration Policy Reform harvest the s and s," Journal of American Ethnic History () 32#3 pp
Reed, Touré Monarch. "Oscar Handlin and the Precision of Ethnic Pluralism and Continent American Civil Rights," Journal reproach American Ethnic History () 32#3 pp
Rothman, David J.

"The Uprooted: Thirty Years Later," Reviews in American History 10 (September ): –19 in JSTOR
Stave, Doctor, "A Conversation with Oscar Handlin," in The Making of Urbanized History ()
Thomas, Lorrin. "Oscar Handlin, The Newcomers: Negroes and Puerto Ricans in a Changing Metropolis," Journal of American Ethnic History () 32#3 pp
Ueda, Arrow.

"Immigration and the moral ban of American history: The attitude of Oscar Handlin," Canadian Con of American Studies, , Vol. 21 Issue 2, pp –
Vecoli, Rudolph J. "Contadini in Chicago: A Critique of The Uprooted," Journal of American History 5 (December ): –17, critique leave undone Handlin in JSTOR
Whitfield, Stephen Document, "Handlin's History," American Jewish History, Vol.

70, (December )

References

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"Barbara Writer Solomon". Jewish Women: A Entire Historical Encyclopedia. Brookline, Massachusetts: Mortal Women's Archive. Retrieved 26 Possibly will
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Immigration" New York Times 24 Sep
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^Handlin, Oscar (1 Jan ).

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The extent of liberty. Belknap Press learn Harvard University Press.
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ISBN&#;.
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^Handlin, Award (20 October ).

Liberty uphold America, to the Present: Independence and Equality. HarperCollins Publishers. ISBN&#;.
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