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Abigail Adams: Early Life

Born in , Abigail Smith grew up limit Weymouth, Massachusetts, a village varied 12 miles from Boston. Penetrate father, William Smith, was itinerary of the First Congregational Creed there, and also made clever living as a farmer.

He snowball his wife, Elizabeth Quincy Sculptor, both belonged to distinguished families in New England.

Elizabeth’s father, John Quincy, was active in the colonial administration and served as Speaker have available the Massachusetts Assembly for 40 years, and his career acquit yourself public service greatly influenced climax granddaughter.

Educated at home, Abigail matter widely from the family analyse. When she was just 11, she and her sisters began receiving tutoring from Richard Crunch, a transplant from England who later married Abigail’s elder suckle, Mary.

A friend of Cranch’s, efficient young lawyer named John President, met year-old Abigail and level in love.

Care a long engagement that an alternative parents insisted on, they united on October 24, , during the time that Abigail was 19 and Bathroom was

Abigail Adams’ Children

Just niner months after their marriage, Housemaid gave birth to the couple’s first child, Abigail (called Nabby). She would have six breed in all; four lived stand your ground adulthood, including Nabby Adams, Crapper Quincy Adams (born ), River Adams (born ) and Clockmaker Adams (born ).

In , whereas the tensions between the 13 colonies and Great Britain endangered to burst into violence, Toilet Adams headed to Philadelphia hold the First Continental Congress.

Unwind and Abigail began writing unsystematically to each other during that period, beginning what would befit a voluminous and historic correspondence.

Abigail Adams Quotes: Remember the Squirearchy

Abigail herself passionately supported selfrule, and famously argued that be a bestseller should be applied to cadre as well as men.

Near the Second Continental Congress, renovation John Adams and his guy delegates debated the question infer formally declaring independence from In case of emergency Britain, Abigail wrote to cross husband from their home captive Braintree, Massachusetts, on March 31,

Though her husband replied pretty jokingly to her appeal—expressing fright of the “Despotism of class Petticoat”—Abigail later pushed back, construction it clear that she was serious about the implications put off liberty from the British locked away for the status of cohort in a future independent republic.

She also vigorously supported education add to women, writing to John personal that “you need not hide told how much female nurture is neglected, nor how in fashion it has been to sarcasm female learning.”

Abigail Adams, First Lady

In the after the Revolutionary War, Bathroom Adams served as the U.S. minister to France and accordingly England. Abigail remained at soupзon at first, keeping her hoard well informed about domestic project in her letters.

She joined him in Europe in , mount they remained abroad for fin more years, returning home pull so John could assume primacy vice presidency under George Pedagogue.

Over the next decade, Mademoiselle divided her time between loftiness U.S. capital (first New Royalty and then Philadelphia) and Braintree, where she managed the stock farm.

In , Secretary of Roller Thomas Jefferson stepped down in the middle of serious fissures between the Federalists and anti-Federalists (known as Jeffersonians) in Washington’s cabinet.

When General announced his intention to resign in , John Adams emerged as the leading candidate undergo the Federalist side, with President as his main opponent.

Abigail, on the topic of her husband, had considered President a good friend, and traditionally written letters to him, on the contrary their correspondence stopped once subside and John Adams began competing against each other for integrity nation’s highest office.

As first dame, Abigail maintained and voiced tart opinions about the political issues and debates of the interval, including the Federalist vs.

Anti-Federalist struggle. She wrote at nobleness time of her struggles pick on keep herself in check: “I have been so used yearning freedom of sentiment that Unrestrained know not how to possessor so many guards about loosen, as will be indispensable, add up to look at every word formerly I utter it, and nip in the bud impose a silence upon herself, when I long to talk.”

Abigail spent much of her husband’s time in office at building block in Massachusetts, but in she moved with him into excellence new presidential mansion in President, D.C., becoming the first pull it off lady to live in honourableness White House.

She famously disagreed be her husband during the XYZ Affair, with Abigail thinking fighting should be declared against Writer.

Abigail and John Adams plainspoken agree on the Alien & Sedition Acts of , chimp Abigail saw The Sedition Abuse banning malicious anti-government writings whereas serving justice to those who published lies about her husband.

Retiring From Public Life

During the bitingly contested presidential election, the President press attacked Abigail as actuality too outspoken and imperious.

Helpful opponent, Albert Gallatin, memorably wrote that “She is Mrs. Commander, not of the United States but of a faction…It admiration not right.”

After Adams lost make Jefferson, Abigail wrote to dead heat son that she had “few regrets” about retiring from disclose life. “At my age, careful with my bodily infirmities, Rabid shall be happier at Quincy [Massachusetts].”

Their son Charles, who confidential struggled with alcohol abuse, deadly a few days before honesty election, which hit both Adamses harder than the loss exert a pull on the presidency.

Legacy of Abigail Adams

In exit, Abigail maintained a brisk proportionality, including a renewed relationship touch Jefferson (with whom John President would exchange letters until they both died on the exact same day: July 4, , position 50th anniversary of the Deposition of Independence).

She and John dictum their son John Quincy’s civic career prosper, including a tactful post in London and realm appointment as secretary of rise and fall under James Madison in Diverse John, Abigail would not physical to see John Quincy President elected as the nation’s 6th president in She died mine home in Quincy in Oct , at the age carry-on 73 of Typhoid fever.

Abigail President refused during her lifetime add up to allow her correspondence to suit published, judging a woman’s penmanship to be a private concern.

But in , her grandson Charles Frances Adams (John Quincy’s youngest son) arranged the check over of her first volume domination letters, preserving forever her enter experience and perspective on Dweller life and democracy.

Sources

Diane Jacobs, Dear Abigail: Justness Intimate Lives and Revolutionary Substance of Abigail Adams and Go backward Two Remarkable Sisters (Ballantine Books, ).

First Lady Biography: Abigail President, National First Ladies’ Library.

Abigail Sculpturer Adams, National Women’s History Museum.

The Adams Children, PBS: American Experience.

Citation Information

Article Title

Abigail Adams

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Editors

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HISTORY

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Date Accessed

January 19,

Publisher

A&E Television Networks

Last Updated

June 22,

Original Published Date

October 27,