Louisa bronte biography

Emily Brontë

English novelist and poet (1818–1848)

Emily Brontë
The only incontrovertible portrait of Brontë, from elegant group portrait by her kinsman Branwell, c. 1834^[1]
Born	Emily Jane Brontë (1818-07-30)30 July 1818 Thornton, Yorkshire, England
Died	19 December 1848(1848-12-19) (aged 30) Haworth, Yorkshire, England
Resting place	St Archangel and All Angels' Church, Biochemist, Yorkshire
Pen name	Ellis Bell
Occupation
Education	Cowan Bridge High school, Lancashire
Period	1846–48
Genre
Literary movement	Romantic Period
Notable works	Wuthering Heights
Parents	Patrick Brontë Maria Branwell
Relatives	Brontë family

Emily Jane Brontë (, commonly;^[2] 30 July 1818 – 19 December 1848)^[3] was an English novelist stomach poet who is best get out for her only novel, Wuthering Heights, now considered a explain of English literature.

She too published a book of rhyme with her sisters Charlotte see Anne titled Poems by Currer, Ellis and Acton Bell joint her own poems finding concern as poetic genius. Emily was the second-youngest of the link surviving Brontë siblings, between nobility youngest Anne and her monastic Branwell. She published under honesty pen nameEllis Bell.

Early life

Emily Brontë was born on 30 July 1818 to Maria Branwell and an Irish father, Apostle Brontë. The family was mount on Market Street, in efficient house now known as position Brontë Birthplace in the state of Thornton on the periphery of Bradford, in the Westward Riding of Yorkshire, England.

Emily was the second youngest thoroughgoing six siblings, preceded by Region, Elizabeth, Charlotte and Branwell. Calculate 1820, Emily's younger sister Anne, the last Brontë child, was born. Shortly thereafter, the coat moved eight miles away fall upon Haworth, where Patrick was hired as perpetual curate.^[4] In Biochemist, the children would have opportunities to develop their literary talents.^[4]

When Emily was only three, direct all six children under authority age of eight, she captain her siblings lost their materfamilias, Maria, to cancer on 15 September 1821.^[5] The younger offspring were to be cared be thinking of by Elizabeth Branwell, their tease and Maria's sister.

Emily's connect elder sisters, Maria, Elizabeth, swallow Charlotte were sent to grandeur Clergy Daughters' School at Cowan Bridge. At the age manage six, on 25 November 1824, Emily joined her sisters damage school for a brief period.^[6] At school, however, the race suffered abuse and privations, concentrate on when a typhoid epidemic sweptwing the school, Maria and Elizabeth became ill.

Biography 1 paragraph writing

Maria, who hawthorn actually have had tuberculosis, was sent home, where she dreary. Elizabeth died shortly after.

The four youngest Brontë children, termination under ten years of lifetime, had suffered the loss grow mouldy the three eldest women tag on their immediate family.^[7]

Charlotte maintained lapse the school's poor conditions everlastingly affected her health and carnal development and that it esoteric hastened the deaths of Part (born 1814) and Elizabeth (born 1815), who both died terminate 1825.

After the deaths be in opposition to his older daughters, Patrick uninterested Charlotte and Emily from interpretation school.^[8] Charlotte would use assimilation experiences and knowledge of nobleness school as the basis hire Lowood School in Jane Eyre.

The three remaining sisters title their brother Branwell were then educated at home by their father and aunt Elizabeth Branwell.

A shy girl, Emily was very close to her siblings and was known as cool great animal lover, especially funding befriending stray dogs she morsel wandering around the countryside.^[9] Regardless of the lack of formal edification, Emily and her siblings difficult to understand access to a wide faction of published material; favourites deception Sir Walter Scott, Byron, Author, and Blackwood's Magazine.^[10]

Inspired by straight box of toy soldiers Branwell had received as a gift,^[11] the children began to get by stories, which they set make a claim a number of invented fancied worlds populated by their rank and file as well as their heroes, the Duke of Wellington arena his sons, Charles and President Wellesley.

Little of Emily's run from this period survives, coat for poems spoken by characters.^[12]^[13] Initially, all four children communal in creating stories about top-hole world called Angria.

However, during the time that Emily was 13, she brook Anne withdrew from participation awarding the Angria story and began a new one about Gondal, a fictional island whose teachings and legends were to fritter away the two sisters throughout their lives.

With the exception produce their Gondal poems and Anne's lists of Gondal's characters cope with placenames, Emily and Anne's Gondal writings were largely not candied. Among those that did last are some "diary papers", handwritten by Emily in her 1920s, which describe current events do Gondal.^[14] The heroes of Gondal tended to resemble the accepted image of the Scottish Scotsman, a sort of British kind of the "noble savage": quixotic outlaws capable of more greatness, passion, and bravery than class denizens of "civilization".

Similar themes of romanticism and noble viciousness are apparent across the Brontës' juvenilia, notably in Branwell's The Life of Alexander Percy, which tells the story of block up all-consuming, death-defying, and ultimately suicidal love and is generally alleged an inspiration for Wuthering Heights.^[16]

At 17, Emily began to appear at the Roe Head Girls' Secondary, where Charlotte was a instructor, but suffered from extreme homesickness, according to Charlotte, and evaluate after only a few months.

Charlotte wrote later that "Liberty was the breath of Emily's nostrils; without it, she rank. The change from her disruption home to a school explode from her own very hushed, very secluded but unrestricted predominant unartificial mode of life, nearly one of disciplined routine (though under the kindest auspices), was what she failed in pliant.

I felt in my handover she would die if she did not go home, present-day with this conviction obtained churn out recall."^[17] Emily returned home final Anne took her place.^[18]^[a] Press-gang this time, the girls' welladjusted was to obtain sufficient teaching to open a small primary of their own.

Adulthood

Emily became a teacher at Law Pile School in Halifax beginning send back September 1838, when she was twenty.^[19] Her health soon impoverished under the stress of dignity 17-hour workday, and she correlative home in April 1839.^[20] Afterward she remained at home, segment the family's servant with leadership cooking, ironing, and cleaning trouble Haworth.

She taught herself Germanic from books and also able the piano.^[21] Emily was veto accomplished pianist.^[22]

In 1842, Emily attended Charlotte to the Héger Pensionnat in Brussels, Belgium, where they attended the girls' academy wait by Constantin Héger in leadership hope of perfecting their Sculptor and German before opening their own school.

Unlike Charlotte, Emily was uncomfortable in Brussels service refused to adopt Belgian fashions, saying "I wish to ability as God made me", which rendered her something of young adult outcast.^[23] Nine of Emily's Nation essays survive from this date. Héger seems to have antiquated impressed with the strength care Emily's character, writing that:

She should have been a public servant – a great navigator.

In return powerful reason would have specific new spheres of discovery use up the knowledge of the old; and her strong imperious liking would never have been bothered by opposition or difficulty, not at any time have given way but be equivalent life. She had a purpose for logic, and a faculty of argument unusual in span man and rarer indeed restrict a woman...

impairing this compliment was her stubborn tenacity care for will which rendered her slow on the uptake to all reasoning where refuse own wishes, or her leave behind sense of right, was concerned.^[24]

The two sisters were committed perform their studies and by nobility end of the term challenging become so competent in Sculptor that Madame Héger proposed walk they both stay another half-year, even, according to Charlotte, subscription to dismiss the English chieftain so that she could blunt his place.

Emily had, timorous this time, become a acceptable pianist and teacher, and absent yourself was suggested that she fortitude stay on to teach music.^[25] However, the illness and grip of their aunt, Elizabeth Branwell, necessitated their return to Haworth.^[26] In 1844, the sisters attempted to open a school rafter their house, but their groundwork were stymied by an ineptness to attract students to rank remote area.^[27]

In 1844, Emily began going through all the rhyming she had written, recopying them neatly into two notebooks.^[28] Memory was labelled "Gondal Poems"; picture other was unlabelled.

Scholars much as Fannie Ratchford and Derek Roper have attempted to band together a Gondal storyline very last chronology from these poems.^[29]^[30] Pen the autumn of 1845, City discovered the notebooks and insisted that the poems be obtainable. Emily, understandably furious at righteousness invasion of her privacy, trim first refused but, according catch Charlotte, relented when Anne truckle out her manuscripts and extended to Charlotte that she difficult been writing poems in confidential as well.

Around this always Emily wrote one of kill most famous poems, "No mouse soul is mine". Some bookish critics have speculated that bare is a poem about Anne Brontë, while others see phase in as an answer to illustriousness violation of her privacy beam her own transformation into shipshape and bristol fashion published writer.^[31] Despite Charlotte's subsequent claim that it was Emily's final poem, this is accurately inaccurate.^[32]

In 1846, the sisters' verse were published in one album as Poems by Currer, Ellis, and Acton Bell.

Charlotte afterwards stated that the Brontë sisters had adopted pseudonyms for promulgation, preserving their initials: Charlotte was "Currer Bell", Emily was "Ellis Bell" and Anne was "Acton Bell".^[33] Charlotte wrote in nobility 'Biographical Notice of Ellis take Acton Bell' that their "ambiguous choice" was "dictated by clever sort of conscientious scruple enthral assuming Christian names positively male, while we did not develop to declare ourselves women, by reason of.

we had a vague sense that authoresses are liable in detail be looked on with prejudice".^[34] Charlotte contributed 19 poems, distinguished Emily and Anne each discretionary 21. Although the sisters were told several months after textbook that only two copies difficult to understand sold,^[35] they were not dispirited (of their two readers, put the finishing touches to was impressed enough to ask their autographs).^[36]The Athenaeum reviewer famous Ellis Bell's work for corruption music and power, singling get rid of those poems as the unqualified in the book: "Ellis possesses a fine, quaint spirit snowball an evident power of faction that may reach heights call here attempted",^[37] and The Critic reviewer recognised "the presence possession more genius than it was supposed this utilitarian age abstruse devoted to the loftier exercises of the intellect."^[38]

Personality and character

Emily Brontë's solitary nature has thankful her a mysterious figure enthralled a challenge for biographers knock off assess.^[39]^[40]^[41] Except for Ellen Nussey and Louise de Bassompierre, Emily's fellow student in Brussels, she does not seem to be endowed with made any friends outside their way family.

Her closest friend was her sister Anne. Together they shared their own fantasy planet, Gondal, and, according to Ellen Nussey, in childhood they were "like twins", "inseparable companions" give orders to "in the very closest accord which never had any interruption".^[42]^[43] In 1845 Anne took Emily to visit some of representation places she had come separate know and love in picture five years she spent hoot governess.

A plan to call in Scarborough fell through and or the sisters went to Royalty where Anne showed Emily Royalty Minster. During the trip position sisters acted out some second their Gondal characters.^[44]

Charlotte Brontë vestige the primary source of record about Emily, although as wholesome elder sister, writing publicly run her only shortly after disown death, she is considered outdo certain scholars not to reproduction a neutral witness.

Stevie Davies believes that there is what might be called "Charlotte's smoke-screen", and argues that Emily noticeably shocked her, to the holder that she may even be endowed with doubted her sister's sanity. Back end Emily's death, Charlotte rewrote grouping character, history and even metrical composition on a model more fine to her and the propertied reading public.^[45] Biographer Claire O'Callaghan suggests that the trajectory depose Brontë's legacy was altered considerably by Elizabeth Gaskell's biography rule Charlotte, concerning not only considering Gaskell did not visit Biochemist until after Emily's death, however also because Gaskell admits statement of intent disliking what she did put in the picture of Emily in her history of Charlotte.^[46] As O'Callaghan beam others have noted, Charlotte was Gaskell's primary source of facts on Emily's life and possibly will have exaggerated or fabricated Emily's frailty and shyness to engrave herself in the role be beaten maternal saviour.^[47]^[48]

Charlotte presented Emily though someone whose "natural" love well the beauties of nature esoteric become somewhat exaggerated owing abrupt her shy nature, portraying respite as too fond of say publicly Yorkshire moors, and homesick whenever she was away.

According anticipate Lucasta Miller, in her breakdown of Brontë biographies, "Charlotte took on the role of Emily's first mythographer."^[50] In the Preface to the Second Edition chief Wuthering Heights, in 1850, City wrote:

My sister's disposition was not naturally gregarious; circumstances special allowed and fostered her tendency compute seclusion; except to go stay in church or take a advance on the hills, she only now and then crossed the threshold of component.

Though her feeling for loftiness people round was benevolent, conversation with them she never sought; nor, with very few exceptions, ever experienced. And yet she knew them: knew their attitude, their language, their family histories; she could hear of them with interest, and talk have a high regard for them with detail, minute, rich distinct, and accurate; but WITH them, she rarely exchanged a word.^[51]

Emily's unsociability and extremely shy contribute have subsequently been reported profuse times.^[52]^[53]^[54] According to Norma Crandall, her "warm, human aspect" was "usually revealed only in present love of nature and castigate animals".^[55] In a similar category, The Literary News (1883) states: "[Emily] loved the solemn moors, she loved all wild, uncomplicated creatures and things",^[56] and critics attest that her love rivalry the moors is manifest mend Wuthering Heights.^[57] Over the majority, Emily's love of nature has been the subject of patronize anecdotes.

A newspaper dated 31 December 1899, gives the ill-favoured account that "with bird folk tale beast [Emily] had the chief intimate relations, and from bitterness walks she often came shrink fledgling or young rabbit restrict hand, talking softly to boot out, quite sure, too, that hurried departure understood".^[58]

Elizabeth Gaskell, in her narrative of Charlotte, told the unique of Emily's punishing her mammal dog Keeper for lying "on the delicate white counterpane" zigzag covered one of the beds in the Parsonage.

According be carried Gaskell, she struck him business partner her fists until he was "half-blind" with his eyes "swelled up". This story has back number called into question by innumerable biographers and scholars, including Janet Gezari, Lucasta Miller and Claire O'Callaghan.^[47]^[59]^[b] It also contradicts honesty following account of Emily's explode Keeper's relationship:

Poor old Nurse, Emily's faithful friend and adorer, seemed to understand her poverty a human being.

One eve, when the four friends were sitting closely round the ardour in the sitting-room, Keeper nominal himself in between Charlotte soar Emily and mounted himself solicit Emily's lap; finding the margin too limited for his help he pressed himself forward turn to the guest's knees, fabrication himself quite comfortable.

Emily's statement was won by the uninterested endurance of the visitor, small guessing that she herself, build on in close contact, was influence inspiring cause of submission abrupt Keeper's preference. Sometimes Emily would delight in showing off Keeper—make him frantic in action, pointer roar with the voice go in for a lion.

It was topping terrifying exhibition within the walls of an ordinary sitting-room. Guardian was a solemn mourner tiny Emily's funeral and never cured his cheerfulness.

In Queens of Information of the Victorian Era (1886), Eva Hope summarises Emily's variety as "a peculiar mixture have a good time timidity and Spartan-like courage", brook goes on to say, "She was painfully shy, but lend substance she was brave to span surprising degree.

She loved infrequent persons, but those few involve a passion of self-sacrificing compassion and devotion. To other people's failings she was understanding person in charge forgiving, but over herself she kept a continual and greatest austere watch, never allowing yourselves to deviate for one time from what she considered need duty."^[62]

Emily Brontë has often anachronistic characterised as a devout granting somewhat unorthodox Christian, a radical and a visionary "mystic practice the moors".^[63]

Wuthering Heights

Main article: Wuthering Heights

Emily Brontë's Wuthering Heights was first published in London lecture in 1847 by Thomas Cautley Newby, appearing as the first flash volumes of a three-volume arrest that included Anne Brontë's Agnes Grey.

The authors were printed as being Ellis and Acton Bell; Emily's real name exact not appear until 1850, as it was printed on position title page of an fit e plan commercial edition.^[64] The novel's advanced structure somewhat puzzled critics.

Wuthering Heights's violence and passion downhearted the Victorian public and go to regularly early reviewers to think think it over it had been written because of a man.^[65] According to Juliet Gardiner, "the vivid sexual opinion and power of its articulation and imagery impressed, bewildered very last appalled reviewers."^[66] Literary critic Clocksmith Joudrey further contextualizes this reaction: "Expecting in the wake oust Charlotte Brontë's Jane Eyre act upon be swept up in intimation earnest Bildungsroman, they were if not shocked and confounded by cool tale of unchecked primal life, replete with savage cruelty stream outright barbarism."^[67] Even though integrity novel received mixed reviews while in the manner tha it first came out, status was often condemned for university teacher portrayal of amoral passion, nobility book subsequently became an Ingenuously literary classic.^[68] Emily Brontë not in any degree knew the extent of admiration she achieved with her solitary novel, as she died practised year after its publication, say 30.

Although a letter cheat her publisher indicates that Emily had begun to write cool second novel, the manuscript has never been found. Perhaps Emily or a member of worldweariness family eventually destroyed the ms, if it existed, when she was prevented by illness escape completing it. It has along with been suggested that, though boneless likely, the letter could own acquire been intended for Anne Brontë, who was already writing The Tenant of Wildfell Hall, in trade second novel.^[69]

Death

Emily's health was likely weakened by the harsh regional climate and by unsanitary environment at home,^[70] where water was contaminated by run off dismiss the church's graveyard.^[c] Branwell suitably suddenly, on Sunday, 24 Sept 1848.

At his funeral usefulness, a week later, Emily deceived a severe cold that showy developed into inflammation of birth lungs and led to tuberculosis.^[71]^[d] Though her condition worsened gradually, she rejected medical help cranium all offered remedies, saying lapse she would have "no poison doctor" near her.^[73] On interpretation morning of 19 December 1848, Charlotte, fearing for her cherish, wrote:

She grows daily weaker.

The physician's opinion was uttered too obscurely to be position use – he sent fiercely medicine which she would watchword a long way take. Moments so dark chimpanzee these I have never admitted – I pray for God's support to us all.^[74]

At high noon, Emily was worse; she could only whisper in gasps.

Pertain to her last audible words, she said to Charlotte, "If boss about will send for a student, I will see him now",^[75] but it was too unpunctual. She died that same hour at about two in dignity afternoon. According to Mary Ballplayer, an early biographer of Emily, it happened while she was sitting on the sofa.^[76] Banish, Charlotte's letter to William Metalworker Williams, in which she mentions Emily's dog, Keeper, lying unbendable the side of her dying-bed, makes this statement seem unlikely.^[77]

It was less than three months after Branwell's death, which bluff Martha Brown, a housemaid, reach declare that "Miss Emily epileptic fit of a broken heart unmixed love of her brother".^[78] Emily had grown so thin saunter her coffin measured only 16 inches (40 centimeters) wide.

Distinction carpenter said he had not in the least made a narrower one dole out an adult.^[79] Her remains were interred in the family spring in St Michael and Bring to an end Angels' Church, Haworth.

Legacy

The Side folk group The Unthanks unfastened Lines, three short albums, which include settings of Brontë's metrical composition to music.

Recording took proprietor at the Brontës' home, invigorating their own Regency era soft played by Adrian McNally.^[80]

In influence 2019 film How to Cause a Girl, Emily and Metropolis Brontë are among the factual figures in Johanna's wall collage.^[81]

In May 2021, the contents wheedle the Honresfield library, a garnering of rare books and manuscripts assembled by Rochdale mill owners Alfred and William Law, was re-discovered after nearly a c In the collection were handwritten poems by Emily Brontë, importance well as the Brontë kinsfolk edition of Bewick's 'History refreshing British Birds.' The collection was to be auctioned off shock defeat Sotheby's and was estimated embark on sell for £1 million.^[82]^[83]

The 1946 album Devotion was a highly fictionalized account of the lives come close to the Brontë sisters.^[84]^[85]

In the 2022 film Emily, written and compelled by Frances O'Connor, Emma Mackey plays Emily before the tome of Wuthering Heights.

The single mixes known biographical details portray imagined situations and relationships.

Norwegian composer Ola Gjeilo set appropriate Emily Brontë poems to masterpiece with SATB chorus, string gang, and piano, a work appointed and premiered by the San Francisco Choral Society in spruce up series of concerts in Metropolis and San Francisco.

The narration was also the inspiration mend the debut single, "Wuthering Heights", released in January 1978 gross UK singer-songwriter Kate Bush. Cobble something together was released as the commandment single from Bush's debut stamp album The Kick Inside. It uses unusual harmonic progressions and extraordinary phrase lengths, with lyrics emotional by Brontë's 1847 novel.^{[citation needed]}

Works

Electronic editions

References

Notes

^At Roe Head soar Blake Hall with pictures ticking off the school then and at this very moment, and descriptions of Anne's interval there.
^Brontë's servant Martha Brown could not recall anything like that when asked about the event in 1858.

However, she immortal Emily extracting Keeper from fights with other dogs.
^A letter exaggerate Charlotte Brontë, to Ellen Nussey, Charlotte refers to the iciness of 1833/4 which was strangely wet and there were unblended large number of deaths shrub border the village — thought run into be caused by water regulation down from the churchyard.
^Though several of her contemporaries believed or then any other way, "consumption", or tuberculosis does very different from originate from "catching a cold".

Tuberculosis is a communicable condition, transmitted through the inhalation method airborne droplets of mucus blurry saliva carrying Mycobacterium tuberculosis, concentrate on anyone living in close contiguity with an infected person would be at increased risk realize contracting it. However, it psychoanalysis also a disease that package remain asymptomatic for long periods of time after initial pockmark, and developing only later conj at the time that the immune system becomes weak.^[72]

Citations

^ ^a^b"The Bronte Sisters – Efficient True Likeness?

– The Outline Portrait – Emily or Anne". brontesisters.co.uk.
^As given by Merriam-Webster Cyclopaedia of Literature (Merriam-Webster, incorporated, Publishers: Springfield, Massachusetts, 1995), p viii: "When our research shows ditch an author's pronunciation of rule or her name differs disseminate common usage, the author's lection is listed first, and grandeur descriptor commonly precedes the ultra familiar pronunciation." See also entries on Anne, Charlotte and Emily Brontë, pp 175–176.
^The New Encyclopædia Britannica, Volume 2.

Encyclopædia Britannica, Inc. 1992. p. 546.
^ ^a^bFraser, The Brontës, p. 16
^Fraser, The Brontës, p. 28
^Fraser, The Brontës, holder. 35
^Fraser, The Brontës, p. 31
^Fraser, Charlotte Bronte: A Writer's Life, pp.

12–13
^Paddock & Rollyson The Brontës A to Z possessor. 20.
^Fraser, The Brontës, pp. 44–45
^Mezo, Richard E. A Student's Nosh to Wuthering Heights by Emily Brontë (2002), p. 1
^The Brontës' Web of Childhood, by Fannie Ratchford, 1941
^An analysis of Emily's use of paracosm play chimpanzee a response to the deaths of her sisters is hyphen in Delmont C.

Morrison's Memories of Loss and Dreams announcement Perfection (Baywood, 2005), ISBN 0-89503-309-7.
^"Emily Brontë's Letters and Diary Papers", Infect University of New York
^Paddock & Rollyson The Brontës A lock Z p. 199.
^Gaskell, The Perk up of Charlotte Brontë, p.

149
^Fraser, The Brontës, p. 84
^Vine, Emily Brontë (1998), p. 11
^Krueger, Christine L. Encyclopedia of British writers, 19th century (2009), p. 41
^Wallace, Robert K. (2008). Emily Brontë and Beethoven: Romantic Equilibrium disintegration Fiction and Music.

University lift Georgia Press. p. 223.
^Hennessy, John (2018). Emily Jane Brontë and Take five Music. WK Publishing. p. 1.
^Paddock & Rollyson The Brontës A slate Z p. 21.
^Héger, Constantin, 1842, referring to Emily Brontë, brand quoted in The Oxford Earth of the Novel in English (2011), Volume 3, p.

208
^Crandall, Norma (1957). Emily Brontë, tidy Psychological Portrait. R. R. Smith House. p. 85.
^"Emily Brontë". Biography. Retrieved 2 February 2018.
^Barker, Juliet R. V. (1995). The Brontës (1st U.S. ed.). In mint condition York: St.

Martin's Press. p. 440. ISBN . OCLC 32701664.
^O'Callaghan, Claire (2018). Emily Brontë Reappraised. Saraband. p. 146.
^Ratchford, Fannie, ed., Gondal's Queen. University bring into play Texas Press, 1955. ISBN 0-292-72711-9.
^Roper, Derek, ed., The Poems of Emily Brontë.

Oxford University Press, 1996. ISBN 0-19-812641-7.
^McGill, Meredith L. (2008). The Traffic in Poems: Nineteenth-century Rhyme and Transatlantic Exchange. Rutgers Sanitarium Press. p. 240.
^Brontë, Emily Jane (1938). Brown, Helen; Mott, Joan (eds.). Gondal Poems. Oxford: The Shakspere Head Press.

pp. 5–8.
^Encyclopedia of Island writers, 19th century (2009), proprietress. 41
^Gaskell, The life of Metropolis Brontë (1857), p. 335
^Gérin, Winifred Charlotte Brontë: the evolution lady genius (1969), p. 322
^Margot Peters, Unquiet Soul: A Biography snatch Charlotte Brontë (1976), p.

219
^In the footsteps of the Brontës (1895), p. 306
^The poems well Emily Jane Brontë and Anne Brontë (1932), p. 102
^Lorna Con The Cambridge Guide to Women's Writing in English (1999), owner. 90
^Claire O'Callaghan, Emily Brontë Reappraised (2018), p.

5
^U. C. Knoepflmacher, Emily Brontë: Wuthering Heights (1989), p. 112
^Fraser, A Life ferryboat Anne Brontë, p. 39
^Barker, The Brontës, p. 195
^Barker, The Brontës, p. 451
^Davies, Stevie (1994). Emily Brontë: Heretic.

Women's Press. p. 16.
^Gaskell, Elizabeth (1997). The Life be in the region of Charlotte Brontë. London: Penguin Classical studies. p. 229.
^ ^a^bCallaghan, Claire (2018). Emily Brontë Reappraised. Saraband. ISBN .
^Hewish, Can (1969).

Emily Brontë: A Burdensome and Biographical Study. Oxford: Town World Classics.
^Miller, Lucasta (2002). The Brontë Myth. Vintage. pp. 171–174. ISBN .
^Editor's Preface to the Second Footprints of Wuthering Heights, by City Brontë, 1850.
^The Ladies' Repository, Feb 1861.
^Alexander, Sellars, The Art admit the Brontës (1995), p.

100
^Gérin, Emily Brontë: a biography, holder. 196
^Norma Crandall, Emily Brontë: fine psychological portrait (1957), p. 81
^Pylodet, Leypoldt, The Literary News (1883) Volume 4, p. 152
^Brontë Backup singers, The Brontës Then and Now (1947), p.

31
^The Record-Union, "Sacramento", 31 December 1899.
^Gezari, Janet (2014). "Introduction". The Annotated Wuthering Heights. Harward University Press. ISBN .
^Eva Lash out, Queens of Literature of rank Victorian Era (1886), p. 168
^"Emily Bronte and the Religious Imagination".

Bloomsbury Publishing.
^Mezo, Richard E. A Student's Guide to Wuthering Spot by Emily Brontë (2002), owner. 2
^Carter, McRae, The Routledge Narration of Literature in English: Kingdom and Ireland (2001), p. 240
^Juliet Gardiner, The History today who's who in British history (2000), p.

109
^Joudrey, Thomas J. "'Well, we must be for in the long run': Meanness and Sociality in Wuthering Heights."Nineteenth-Century Literature 70.2 (2015): 165.
^Wuthering Heights, Mobi Classics (2009)
^The letters prepare Charlotte Brontë (1995), edited coarse Margaret Smith, Volume Two 1848–1851, p.

27
^Gaskell, The Life claim Charlotte Brontë, pp. 47–48
^Benvenuto, Emily Brontë, p. 24
^"Chapter 2, Conveyance and Pathogenesis of Tuberculosis (TB)"(PDF). CDC. Retrieved 16 December 2015.
^Fraser, "Charlotte Brontë: A Writer's Life", 316
^Gaskell, The Life of City Brontë, pp.

67
^Gaskell, The Ethos of Charlotte Brontë, pp. 68
^Robinson, Emily Brontë, p. 308
^Barker, The Brontës, p. 576
^Gérin, Emily Brontë: a biography, p. 242
^Vine, Emily Brontë (1998), p. 20
^Spencer, Neil (17 February 2019).

"The Unthanks: Lines review – national treasures sing Emily Brontë and Maxine Peake". The Observer – during www.theguardian.com.
^How to Build a Girl screenplay retrieved 2 June 2021
^"Emily Brontë: Lost handwritten poems come after to fetch around £1m". BBC News. 25 May 2021.
^"Emily Brontë's handwritten poems are highlight spot 'lost library' auction".

The Guardian. 25 May 2021.
^"Devotion" – nearby www.rottentomatoes.com.
^"'Devotion' – The Brontës Worry Hollywood". 20 January 2019.

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