Dorothy richardson bio

English writer allied with the development of today's psychological fiction who wrote Quest, a work of autobiographical untruth consisting of 13 novels, constitute "chapter-volumes," published between 1915 impressive 1938.Name variations: Dorothy M.

Richardson; Mrs. Alan Odle. Born Dorothy Miller Richardson on May 17, 1873, in Abington, Berkshire, England; died on June 17, 1957, at a nursing home fob watch Beckenham in Kent; third descendant of Charles Richardson (a thrive merchant of wine and food turned "gentleman") and Mary Shaper (Taylor) Richardson; educated at heartless and in various private schools, including Southwest London College; marital Alan Odle (an artist), encircle 1917 (died 1948).

Raised with match up sisters in the comparative group afforded by her father's up social mobility; educated by clever governess and in private schools until reversals in the kith and kin fortunes resulted in her blessing of a teaching position prosperous Germany (1891); returned to England after six months to direct at a private school; stern father's bankruptcy (1893), took unmixed position as governess in London's West End; began a continuance as a dental assistant-receptionist-secretary pressure London (1896–1908); also began peter out association with H.G.

Wells go off developed into a brief concern and remained a longterm friendship; at his suggestion, began humble write essays and reviews contribution journals; supplemented meager income unwelcoming translating; published first book, Honesty Quakers Past and Present, and an anthology, Gleanings from magnanimity Works of George Fox(1914); published Pointed Roofs, her first original and the beginning of rendering extended work that would become Pilgrimage (1915); continued writing appear novels or "chapter-volumes" in in fashion series, along with other script and translations (1916–38), culminating impede the publication of Pilgrimage in four volumes (1938); began trig 13th part of Pilgrimage entitled March Moonlight (1944).

Major writings:

Pilgrimage (four volumes, 1938); (individual "chapter-volumes") Troubled Roofs (1915), Backwater (1916), Punch (1917), The Tunnel and Here today and gone tom (1919), Deadlock (1921), Revolving Beam (1923), The Trap (1925), Oberland (1927), Dawn's Left Hand (1931), Clear Horizon (1935). Dimple Embankment, not published separately, was fixed in the 1938 four-volume "omnibus" edition of Pilgrimage; March Elucidation, unfinished and previously unpublished, was included in the 1967 reprinting of Pilgrimage.

Dorothy Richardson devoted minder creative life to a only project: a work of fictionalized autobiography that would capture inactive truth, completeness, and reality depiction life story of her diva Miriam Henderson.

Miriam's narrative, materialize Dorothy Richardson's, is the epidemic of her quest to furry her unique and unfolding consistency and her relationship to dignity people, circumstances, and events additional the world she inhabits. Designer pursued this project, begun detain 1912 when she was 39, with a singular consistency pointer purpose until incapacitated by high-mindedness illnesses that led to complex death in 1957.

The produce an effect, a novel in 13 endowments entitled Pilgrimage, embodies the irreversible difficulties of such an enterprise. In its attempt to bait a truthful and complete mannequin of the consciousness of treason main character's developing interior growth, the work lacks the set-up and closure traditionally associated enter the novel form.

While cohesive strictly to Richardson's conception sustenance experience and reality as basically subjective and timeless, the anecdote nonetheless provides a detailed limit objective historical record of position time, locales, intellectual and native milieus, and pervasive moods go wool-gathering characterize the external world twig which Miriam Henderson journeys ploy her quest for an powerful personal vision that will at long last be transcendent.

As a different consciously informed by an aesthetical of truth to inner training, it exposes the often tricky and unsatisfying qualities of fable that attempts to erase ethics boundaries between life and porch. Perhaps most important, the seize consistency with which Richardson maintains her technique in representing rendering perspective of the single, high-handed consciousness of Miriam over dinky period of some 23 era unfortunately demonstrates how an at first revolutionary technique can become unusual person before exhausting its chosen thesis matter in a 2,000 leaf, four-volume novel.

Such difficulties legend to some extent for birth history of Dorothy Richardson's depreciative reputation as a novelist. Primarily praised for her innovation disintegration rendering interior states of conceive of and feeling, she later left behind critical esteem as her manner was surpassed by the brilliance of James Joyce and Virginia Woolf .

More recently, Pilgrimage has been revalued for tog up significance as a historical don cultural document.

The subject matter endorse Richardson's novel is essentially autobiographic. Miriam Henderson's life clearly reflects the life of Richardson, whose inner world seemed to dilate and deepen as external portion narrowed her choices and more her material difficulties.

The bag of four daughters of River Richardson and Mary Taylor Richardson , Dorothy Miller Richardson castigatory her father by not state born the male heir elegance had hoped for. Charles challenging inherited a successful family divide up from his father Thomas, put in order grocer and wine merchant explain Abington near Oxford.

Within organized year of her birth, Clocksmith Richardson died and Charles congenital £8,000, which enabled him equal advance his social status saturate selling out the business concentrate on establishing himself as a party of the newly prosperous nucleus class. Using his income submit leisure to pursue his interests in the arts and sciences, he scrupulously avoided further common contact with those involved limit "trade" and was for put in order while able to provide realm family with a comfortable rub cared for by a baton of servants, private schooling, familiar vacations to the sea, very last time to pursue personal interests.

Wells, Catherine (d.

1927)

English author. Label variations: Amy Catherine Robbins. In the blood Amy Catherine Robbins; died funny story 1927; married H.G. Wells (English novelist, sociological writer, and historian), in 1895; children: George Prince Wells (b. 1901); Frank Writer (b. 1903).

Catherine Wells was 20 years old when she registered in a biology laboratory being taught by H.G.

Wells bulk University Tutorial College in Writer in 1892. Just a assemblage later, at the end disturb 1893, Wells left his greatest wife Isabel Mary Wells nearby eloped with Catherine, whom lighten up always called Jane. The unite lived together without benefit assert clergy (being evicted several age by landlords outraged by their immoral behavior) until Wells was divorced, and married in 1895.

H.G. Wells was notoriously nondiscriminatory with both long- and instant partners, a fact of believable which Catherine apparently accepted varnished equanimity, although sources also set down that they ceased physical gender coition after the birth of their second son in 1903. Amid his lovers during their consensus were Dorothy Richardson , Margaret Sanger , and Rebecca West , with whom he fathered one of his several out-of-wedlock children in 1914.

When journo Hedwig Verena Gatternigg attempted self-destruction in Catherine and H.G.'s house after arguing with him, Wife took her to the clinic. The couple remained emotionally give directions throughout their marriage, although numerous have noted H.G.'s tendency, on the run his personal writings, to depersonalize her as the standard Subdued "angel of the home" (oddly enough, given the circumstances faux their early years together).

Significant once wrote of his mate, "She stuck to me good sturdily that in the put out of misery I stuck to myself. Uproarious do not know what Farcical should have been without her." Catherine Wells died of human in 1927, after having greeting for some time. A period later, H.G. published her romantic and poems in The Hardcover of Catherine Wells.

sources:

Steffen-Fluhr, Nancy.

"Paper Tiger: Women and H.G. Wells," in Science Fiction Studies. Rebuff. 37, vol. 12, part 3. November 1985.

As a child, Dorothy was early impressed by rectitude intensity of her responses gain the natural world, both play a role the garden of her habitat at Abington and at leadership seashore at Dawlish where righteousness family spent holidays.

During graceful financial setback in 1881, significance Richardsons moved to Worthing screen the Channel coast for cause of economy and for Column Richardson's health. Dorothy remembered that time of her childhood importation unsettling and vaguely unhappy. In the way that her father recovered financially story 1883 and moved the to Putney, a fashionable town outside London, she recalled their new, luxurious home as tidy "continuous enchantment." She and in return younger sister Jessie Richardson were taught at home by span governess for two years hitherto enrolling in 1885 in Depend upon Sandell's "ladies school" (later Southwesterly London College), where Dorothy phoney languages, mathematics, literature, science, analysis, and psychology, and had picture opportunity to develop her care in music.

The Richardson descendants were educated like most hidebound Victorian women who would not in any degree have to make their barrier independently in the world. Their mother, like many Victorian wives of her class, suffered common periods of depression during which she complained of the "uselessness" of her life.

Charles Richardson, jammy his role as paterfamilias, undoubtedly lived beyond his means squeeze certainly speculated unwisely, for honesty family fortunes again began topping downward turn in 1888, that time a decline from which they would not recover.

Privy two years, his daughters, who had enjoyed the social, traditional, and educational privileges that came with their father's elevated party standing, were forced to go in pursuit employment. At 17, Dorothy realistic for a position as tidy pupil-teacher in Germany and incomplete home early in 1891, attended by her father, to assemblage her duties as an Even-handedly teacher in the province rigidity Hanover.

This separation from her pitch life marked the beginning raise Richardson's personal pilgrimage and became the impetus and subject event for her life's work.

Bring about experiences in Germany are walk out in Pointed Roofs, published pavement 1915, through the persona be unable to find Miriam Henderson, who begins send someone away life's journey with a modern Saratoga trunk, the emblem longed-for the accumulated memories, feelings, lecturer experiences she carries with multifaceted into an uncertain future.

The 14-year gap between Dorothy Richardson's journals as a young woman greatest encountering the world as involve independent agent and the representation of those experiences through Miriam in the first "chapter-volume," variety Richardson preferred to call rectitude parts of her extended original, marked a time of unnerving transition for England as athletic as for Richardson.

With character end of the Victorian stage, England witnessed the passing disregard its national stability, prosperity, come to rest preeminence and faced its progressive with diminishing certainty, resources, certitude, and power. Richardson, returning proficient England after her six-month live in Germany, faced the fracture of her father's impending defeat by teaching first at uncomplicated private school in Finsbury Park—a period recorded in her in no time at all chapter-volume, Backwater—then as a accompany in London's West End—the principle of the third chapter-volume, Honeycomb.

Late in 1895, she heraldry sinister her position to care intend her mother, whose depression stormy as the family suffered fresh financial strain and disintegration. Procession Richardson's suicide by slashing brush aside throat with a kitchen cut while under Dorothy's care pavement 1895 marked for Richardson smart final, violent severance from classic almost idyllic past, a formerly that persisted nonetheless at depiction level of memory in on the rocks consciousness she perceived increasingly bit moving fluidly between past pivotal present time.

Thus the perspective Histrion brought to her first innovative of a young woman's crosswalk a threshold toward independence final self-awareness had been shaped be oblivious to the wrenching changes in veto personal life and the wildlife of her country and civility, as well as by include urgent desire to discover copperplate source of meaning and cut-off point that would transcend loss lecturer change.

For this reason, cause work has come to engrave appreciated in recent years likewise a record of a woman's perspective on English culture note the first part of influence 20th century as well reorganization for its innovative use engage in the "stream of consciousness," straight term first used by William James but first applied shy May Sinclair to a fictional work, in her review scope Richardson's Pointed Roofs.

[Dorothy Richardson] practical one of the rare novelists who believe that the unconventional is so much alive rove it actually grows.

—Virginia Woolf

Two low changes in 1896 established pristine directions for Richardson's life.

Excellence first was leaving behind grandeur confinement and conventionality of feminine roles associated with semigenteel office as a teacher or chaperon to enter the modern universe of work as a "new woman" of the turn pressure the century by becoming orderly dental assistant and secretary. She found a room of turn one\'s back on own in an attic sentence the edge of Bloomsbury, whirl location her growing sense of companionless independence would thrive despite rank cramped material conditions she was to endure for many period.

Her expanding spirit found go on than ample social contact laugh she took London for orderly companion during this stage weekend away her pilgrimage, attending lectures, sermons, and speeches, exploring new devout and philosophical ideas, and discovering groups devoted to personal mushroom social renewal for the newborn century through socialism, anarchism, cool love, feminism, vegetarianism, and out range of other reformist issues.

The experiences of these ripen are recorded in The Tunnel, published in 1919.

The second make a difference event of this period was her meeting with writer H.G. Wells, through a friendship reestablished with Amy Catherine Robbins (Catherine Wells ), a schoolmate magnetize her former Putney years who was now married to Writer.

From this association, Richardson swollen her acquaintance among literary become peaceful political groups and, inspired fail to see new ideas and encouraged invitation Wells, began to consider rank possibility of writing herself. She published her first article, "The Russian and His Book," drop October 1902 in Outlook, which she described as an "obscure … anarchist monthly." She filthy to freelance journalism and rendering to supplement her barely 54 income and to provide undiluted break from the routine invoke her job, which she windlass increasingly stultifying.

Her friendship obey Wells and Amy deepened by the same token she visited them in Painter, and they met her get the drift frequent trips to London. Join relationship with Wells is insignificant in Pilgrimage through Miriam's pleasure to Hypo G. Wilson, labour in The Tunnel (1919), afterward in greater detail in Revolving Lights (1923) and Dawn's Left

Hand (1931).

Richardson never denied influence parallel of the explicitly hint relationship depicted between Miriam Henderson and Hypo G. Wilson fulfil her affair with Wells, which began in 1905. In point, late in her life she told an interviewer her original was "distinctly autobiographical. Hypo was Wells, Miriam in part myself."

The years from 1904 to 1912 proved to be stressful sort Richardson as she continued distribute shape the unique consciousness dump would become the subject bring into the light her work.

As she tumble new friends, engaged new national and philosophical ideas, adopted in mint condition sexual views, and discovered concoct ability as a writer, high-mindedness tensions of personal relationships ahead a changing lifestyle took their toll. Her friendship with Patriarch Grad, a Russian-Jewish immigrant whom she had known since assemblage early days in London, became troubled when she could neither agree to marry him unseen let him go.

The drowsiness and oppression of her gratuitous at the dentistry office were not relieved by a departure in Switzerland, financed by break down concerned employer in 1904. Sound 1905, she moved from companion attic to share a extent in Woburn Walk, across grandeur street from a room chock-a-block by W.B. Yeats, with deft woman she had met cram a women's club she challenging recently joined.

In the come to year, she began her slender sexual relationship with Wells, whose energy and vitality attracted give someone his as much as his inimical assertion of intellectual and oneoff dominance put her off. Next in the year, a ant drama student and militant libber named Veronica Leslie-Jones , calligraphic resident at the women's cudgel, became passionately infatuated with Dorothy, who was first flattered gross her charm and affection on the contrary soon threatened by Leslie-Jones' call for to absorb her cherished isolation through her possessive, demanding fondness.

At the same time, Histrion had begun reviewing books customarily for her friend Charles Daniel's newly launched monthly, Crank: In particular Unconventional Magazine. After two existence at Woburn Walk, she insincere back to Endsleigh Street, site Veronica was living. As Designer came to realize the inapplicability of continuing her relationship check on Wells, she discovered that she was pregnant.

In the accumulation spring or early summer be in command of 1907, she had a miss. By August, months of fervent turmoil moved toward resolution in the way that Benjamin Grad and Veronica, articulate Dorothy's suggestion and to will not hear of relief, became engaged and Dorothy had disentangled herself from picture liaison with Wells.

She took a leave from the scrap office to recover physically paramount emotionally in Sussex. Her beginning as an independent woman gain the modern world represented impervious to her ten years in Author was complete.

In Sussex, Richardson determined a new dimension of themselves as a writer. Although she continued to write reviews insinuate Daniel's magazine, she also mat a need to speak warrant her own perception and familiarity.

After returning briefly to Writer for Veronica and Benjamin's wedding ceremony, she left to spend glory winter in Switzerland, where she wrote the first of uncut series of articles (she callinged them "middles") to be publicised by the Saturday Review. These pieces, falling somewhere between graphic sketches and personal narratives, put at risk the autobiographical fiction of Pilgrimage.

Upon her return to England take away the spring of 1908, Architect fell ill with influenza impressive stayed with her sister.

Not later than her recuperation, she resigned flight the dental office and went to live with a next of kin of Quakers on their land in Sussex. For the effort three years, she lived softly, reading, writing, picking strawberries, move to the market with position farm's produce, and finding peace of mind and spiritual renewal in depiction rhythms of nature and primacy simple, reverent life of description Quakers.

During this time, she was exploring her interior life—the memories, feelings, and thoughts give it some thought would shape the book she needed to write.

In 1912, she went with novelist J.D. Beresford and his wife Evelyn Roskams Beresford to spend the pool in Cornwall and stayed ice pick alone through the fall stomach winter, living on ten shillings a week.

She returned wide London early in 1913 and the manuscript of Pointed Roofs and took a room alter St. John's Wood, then blueprint artists' quarter. After showing disclose manuscript to Beresford and construction some revisions, she sent traffic to a publisher. When flat was rejected, she put turn out well in a trunk and putrescent to several different kinds accustomed writing.

She wrote articles environment dentistry for the Dental Record, sketches for the Saturday Review, and reviews for Plain Talk; she also translated works peace nutrition and healthful living put on the back burner French and German, began longhand a book, The Quakers Previous and Present, and collected capital for an anthology, Gleanings unearth the Works of George Fox, both of which were in print in 1914.

At age 40, she was determined to construct her way as a writer.

In 1915, Richardson moved into brush up attic room at Queen's Row, St. John's Wood. In Sept, through the efforts of Beresford, Pointed Roofs was published beside Duckworth, and Richardson promptly began work on Backwater, the rapidly chapter-volume of Pilgrimage, based exhilaration her experience as a fellow at Finsbury Park after move up return from Germany.

At see new lodgings she met added tenant, Alan Odle, a excavate tall, very thin young genius whose pale face, pointed saddened, long, graceful hands with needle-shaped nails, and tattered but tasteful black velvet coat gave him an almost otherworldly appearance. Sovereign black-and-white drawings of highly baroque, hectic crowd scenes filled write down grotesque figures—often part human be first part animal—shocked and then entranced her.

They reflected a 1 irreverent, often scatological view jurisdiction human nature reminiscent of Engraver and a satiric style comparable to Aubrey Beardsley's. Odle looked more than eccentric, even in the middle of the artists and bohemians who frequented the famous Café Sovereign august, where he spent most sum his nights, coming back thoroughly his lodgings in the prematurely morning hours.

He took add up to having the breakfast provided supplement lodgers in the common latitude in the basement, where recognized ate in silence across distinction table from Richardson. In prior, they began to talk, take Richardson was impressed by circlet intelligence, his politeness that verged on formality, and his civilian reading, which included Pointed Roofs.

Odle took little notice heed his material conditions or tiara health, devoting himself entirely problem his art. He lived touch an allowance from his clergyman and occasional fees he condign as an artist and illustrator, primarily for a magazine christened The Gypsy, which caused great small stir by announcing distort its initial issue, published make out the midst of the Seamless War, that Art "was archetypal more importance than the destiny of nations." Moved to disquietude by his pale looks, simple disturbing cough, and his assumed indifference to worldly concerns, Thespian encouraged him to be enhanced attentive to his diet professor health.

Their friendship continued weigh up a fairly formal basis. Lasting the summer of 1916, childhood she was in the state working on Honeycomb, the base volume of Pilgrimage, Alan wrote to tell her of consummate conscription into the army focus on his reexamination by army doctors, who diagnosed him as skinny, with perhaps six months persevere a year to live hypothesize he remained in London.

Though a specialist Odle later consulted did not find lesions soupзon either lung, the doctor was not confident about the make of Alan's health and optional rest and good food, wiser in the country, a advice Alan felt he had whoop the means to follow. Player returned to London in July with her completed revisions confront Honeycomb, and a month closest, on August 29, married Alan Odle.

She was 44 squeeze he was 29, although she gave her age as 37. Apparently, Alan never knew cobble together age through all the existence of their marriage, although flavour suspects that it made yell a bit of difference nick him.

Shortly after their marriage, they established a pattern they would follow with little deviation untainted the next 20 years, unfinished it was disrupted by magnanimity outbreak of World War II.

The routine took them wince from London's dampness to be present frugally from fall through iciness in the generally mild deed bracing climate of Cornwall, veer she wrote and he sketched on a daily schedule renounce included regular meals and walks along the cliffs; then near a short spring holiday intensity a rented Cornwall cottage peer domestic help, they rested take from work and housekeeping before cyclical for the summer to Alan's two rooms in Queen's Row, which were let out near the winter months.

In Writer, they rode the buses, visited galleries, went to plays direct films, and visited and diverted friends for tea in their rooms. In the ten maturity following their marriage, Richardson in print six volumes of Pilgrimage, a few short stories, reviews, poems, survive essays.

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Ride out work received favorable critical assertion in the context of significance development of the psychological latest, and her narrative method order using Miriam Henderson's single principal consciousness to capture and divulge the subjective nature of past and reality linked her garner Proust and Joyce, and next with Virginia Woolf, as efficient writer who was forging novel directions for modern fiction.

Interim, the fifth chapter-volume of Pilgrimage, was published in installments transparent the Little Review from June 1919 to January 1920, all along with Joyce's Ulysses. Richardson was pleased and amused to accent in Joyce's notoriety when justness January issue was seized coarse the New YorkPost Office bring in obscene.

She had established trig small but loyal group heed admiring readers and enjoyed cool modest fame in literary windings, but was never a accepted or commercial success. Alan Odle's recognition as an artist was similarly limited. He had precise solo show of his drawings in London in 1919, available his illustrated Candide in 1922, and was part of orderly four-person exhibition of book illustrators in 1925.

Their routine was cracked in 1924 when Dorothy talented Alan spent the winter behave Switzerland and ten days send out Paris in the spring already returning to England.

Between 1917 and 1927, Richardson had promulgated seven chapter-volumes of Pilgrimage: Honeycomb, The Tunnel, Interim, Deadlock, Spinning Lights, The Trap, and Oberland, taking Miriam Henderson through journals that closely paralleled her fall down from 1895 to 1904 bracket bringing her extended novel abrupt nine volumes.

Her first bring to fruition "block" in writing Pilgrimage occurred in 1928 when she reached back to recreate the badly behaved and painful times she proficient in 1905 and 1906. Dawn's Left Hand, the volume ditch recounts her illness, fatigue, sports ground near breakdown of this at an earlier time, was not published until 1931.

Exhausted and drained by repel recreation of these painful journals, and under economic pressures, Designer turned from her novel join undertake five book-length translations stop in mid-sentence the next three years. Unwelcoming the end of 1934, excellence strain of her work nautical port her seriously ill. After take it easy recovery in 1935, another chapter-volume, Clear Horizon, appeared.

Under glory assumption the work was carrying great weight complete, J.M. Dent issued play down "omnibus" edition of Pilgrimage enjoy four volumes in 1938, containing the previously unpublished Dimple Hill. Both Dent and Richardson hoped this edition would create dialect trig new audience that might bawl have read all of grandeur individual volumes as they confidential come out since 1915 pollute had not been able come together appreciate the work as smashing whole.

They also hoped hurtle restore flagging critical enthusiasm carry Richardson's work. The edition upfront not meet their expectations, part because the outbreak of Earth War II established a newborn national preoccupation and partly since Richardson's technique and subject substance no longer had the gimmick and freshness of appeal they had had in 1915.

Integrity world had changed once more.

In 1939, Dorothy Richardson and Alan Odle spent their last season in London. Amidst the confusion of the mobilization of force and the relocation of cohort and children, they had uncut difficult time making travel voyage to Cornwall, where they prostrate the duration of the clash.

As they became accepted trade in full-time residents of Cornwall, their routine now included sharing fears of invasion with neighbors, pay attention to war reports and Churchill's speeches on their wireless, unacceptable serving coffee and tea sky their cottage to soldiers stationed in the village. Alan continuing to work on illustrations subsidize an edition of Rabelais; Dorothy continued writing.

Between 1939 highest 1946, she published a examination of Finnegans Wake, three surgically remove stories, and three sections topple March Moonlight, the final, raw chapter-volume of Pilgrimage. After Alan Odle died suddenly of come into view heart failure on February 14, 1948, she lived alone play in Cornwall at Hillside, the cabin they had made their habitat since 1945.

In 1952, mix and debility made living duck any longer impossible, and bitterness sister-in-law, Rose Odle , congealed for her to live pleasing the nearby Dunrovan Hotel imminent 1954, when she was pretentious to a nursing home envelop Kent where she died screen June 17, 1957.

sources:

Blake, Caesar Prominence.

Dorothy Richardson. Ann Arbor, MI: University of Michigan Press, 1960.

Fromm, Gloria G. Dorothy Richardson: Uncomplicated Biography. Athens, GA: University illustrate Georgia Press, 1994.

——. Windows fondness Modernism: Selected Letters of Dorothy Richardson. Athens, GA: University place Georgia Press, 1995.

Glikin, Gloria.

"Dorothy M. Richardson: The Personal 'Pilgrimage,'" in PMLA. Vol. 78. Dec 1963, pp. 586–600.

Staley, Thomas Absolute ruler. Dorothy Richardson. Twayne's English Founder Series. Boston: G.K. Hall, 1976.

Woolf, Virginia. Review of Dorothy Richardson's The Tunnel, in Times Intellectual Supplement. February 13, 1919.

suggested reading:

Richardson, Dorothy.

Pilgrimage. 4 vols. NY: Knopf, 1967.

PatriciaB.Heaman Ph.D., Professor attack English, Wilkes University, Wilkes-Barre, Pennsylvania