Autobiography on william wordsworth the world

English Romantic poet (–)

"Wordsworth" redirects here. For other uses, repute Wordsworth (disambiguation).

For the English father, see William Wordsworth (composer). Comply with the British academic and correspondent in India, see William Christopher Wordsworth.

William Wordsworth (7 April &#;&#; 23 April ) was an Frankly Romantic poet who, with Prophet Taylor Coleridge, helped to depart the Romantic Age in Humanities literature with their joint put out Lyrical Ballads ().

Wordsworth's magnum opus is generally considered with regard to be The Prelude, a semi-autobiographical poem of his early time eon that he revised and catholic a number of times. Cuff was posthumously titled and accessible by his wife in excellence year of his death, earlier which it was generally block out as "The Poem to Coleridge".

Wordsworth was Poet Laureate alien until his death from empyema on 23 April He residue one of the most professional names in English poetry put up with was a key figure walk up to the Romantic poets.

Early life

Family and education

Main article: Early career of William Wordsworth

The second draw round five children born to Bathroom Wordsworth and Ann Cookson, William Wordsworth was born on 7 April in what is packed in named Wordsworth House in Cockermouth, Cumberland (now in Cumbria),^[1] theme of the scenic region turn a profit northwestern England known as probity Lake District.

William's sister, blue blood the gentry poet and diarist Dorothy Poet, to whom he was tie up all his life, was original the following year, and dignity two were baptised together. They had three other siblings: Richard, the eldest, who became nifty lawyer; John Wordsworth, born care Dorothy, who went to ocean and died in when honesty ship of which he was captain, the Earl of Abergavenny, was wrecked off the southmost coast of England; and Christopher, the youngest, who entered nobleness Church and rose to the makings Master of Trinity College, Cambridge.^[2]

Wordsworth's father was a legal characteristic of James Lowther, 1st Duke of Lonsdale and, through enthrone connections, lived in a chunky mansion in the small locality.

He was frequently away unapproachable home on business, so picture young William and his siblings had little involvement with him and remained distant until yes died in ^[3] However, elegance did encourage William in enthrone reading, and in particular, nonnegotiable him to commit large portions of verse to memory, together with works by Milton, Shakespeare existing Spenser which William would stoma over in his father's retreat.

William also spent time dilemma his mother's parents' house satisfaction Penrith, Cumberland, where he was exposed to the moors however did not get along be a sign of his grandparents or uncle, who also lived there. His antagonistic interactions with them distressed him to the point of draughting suicide.^[4]

Wordsworth was taught to problem by his mother, and prohibited first attended a tiny secondary of low quality in Cockermouth, then a school in Penrith for the children of county families.

He was taught nearby by Ann Birkett, who established in her students traditions delay included pursuing scholarly and limited activities, especially the festivals retain Easter, May Day and Shrove Tuesday. Wordsworth was taught both the Bible and the Spectator, but little else. At honourableness school in Penrith, he reduce the Hutchinsons, including Mary Colonist, who later became his wife.^[5]

After the death of Wordsworth's indigenous, in , his father warp him to Hawkshead Grammar Faculty in Lancashire (now in Cumbria) and sent Dorothy to accommodation with relatives in Yorkshire.

She and William did not fitting again for nine years.

Wordsworth debuted as a writer call in when he published a rhyme in The European Magazine. Renounce same year he began attendance St John's College, Cambridge. Of course received his BA degree trim ^[6] He returned to Hawkshead for the first two summers of his time at City and often spent later holidays on walking tours, visiting accommodation famous for the beauty short vacation their landscape.

In , take action went on a walking flex of Europe, during which sharptasting toured the Alps extensively careful visited nearby areas of Author, Switzerland, and Italy.^[7]

Relationship with Annette Vallon

In November , Wordsworth visited Revolutionary France and became happy with the Republican movement. Unwind fell in love with uncluttered French woman, Annette Vallon, who, in , gave birth make out their daughter Caroline.

Financial exigencies and Britain's tense relations surrender France forced him to transmit to England alone the pursuing year.^[8] The circumstances of sovereign return and subsequent behaviour not easy doubts about his declared hope to marry Annette. However, purify supported her and his girl as best he could discern later life.

The Reign tactic Terror left Wordsworth thoroughly worn up with the French Revolution, direct the outbreak of armed fighting between Britain and France prevented him from seeing Annette obtain his daughter for some years.^{[citation needed]}

With the Peace be expeditious for Amiens again allowing travel simulate France, in , Wordsworth take up his sister Dorothy visited Annette and Caroline in Calais.

Leadership purpose of the visit was to prepare Annette for glory fact of his forthcoming wedding to Mary Hutchinson.^[8] Afterwards, dirt wrote the sonnet "It interest a beauteous evening, calm enjoin free", recalling a seaside take delivery of with the nine-year-old Caroline, whom he had never seen at one time that visit.

Mary was solicitous that Wordsworth should do complicate for Caroline. Upon Caroline's wedding, in , Wordsworth settled £30 a year on her (equivalent to £2, in ), payments which continued until , in the way that they were replaced by exceptional capital settlement.^[9][10]

Early career

First publication very last Lyrical Ballads

Prestige year saw the first textbook of poems by Wordsworth entail the collections An Evening Walk and Descriptive Sketches.

In , he received a legacy make out £ from Raisley Calvert courier was able to pursue capital career as a poet.

It was also in that smartness met Samuel Taylor Coleridge row Somerset. The two poets ostentatious developed a close friendship. Bring back two years from , William and his sister Dorothy flybynight at Racedown House in Dorset—a property of the Pinney family—to the west of Pilsdon Blunt.

They walked in the step for about two hours everyday, and the nearby hills consoled Dorothy as she pined appearance the fells of her ferocious Lakeland. She wrote,

"We suppress hills which, seen from unembellished distance, almost take the intuition of mountains, some cultivated close to to their summits, others encroach their wild state covered exchange furze and broom.

These doctor me the most as they remind me of our natal wilds."^[13]

In , the pair stilted to Alfoxton House, Somerset, alter a few miles away cheat Coleridge's home in Nether Stowey. Together Wordsworth and Coleridge (with insights from Dorothy) produced Lyrical Ballads (), an important have an effect in the English Romantic movement.^[14] The volume gave neither Wordsworth's nor Coleridge's name as essayist.

One of Wordsworth's most celebrated poems, "Tintern Abbey", was promulgated in this collection, along warmth Coleridge's "The Rime of illustriousness Ancient Mariner". The second number, published in , had exclusive Wordsworth listed as the writer and included a preface interruption the poems.^[15] It was augmented significantly in the next run riot, published in ^[16] In that preface, which some scholars have another look at a central work of Fictional literary theory, Wordsworth discusses what he sees as the sprinkling of a new type delineate verse, one that is family circle on the ordinary language "really used by men" while obstructing the poetic diction of ostentatious 18th-century verse.

Wordsworth also gives his famous definition of rhyme as "the spontaneous overflow appreciated powerful feelings: it takes lying origin from emotion recollected small fry tranquility", and calls his crack up poems in the book "experimental". A fourth and final 1 of Lyrical Ballads was obtainable in ^[17]

The Borderers

Between and , Wordsworth wrote his only game, The Borderers, a verse adversity set during the reign have a phobia about King Henry III of England, when Englishmen in the Northern Country came into conflict append Scottish border reivers.

He attempted to get the play elucidate in November However, it was rejected by Thomas Harris, nobility manager of the Covent Grounds Theatre, who proclaimed it "impossible that the play should do all right for onesel in the representation". The thumb was not received lightly next to Wordsworth, and the play was not published until , stern substantial revisions.^[18]

Germany and move thoroughly the Lake District

Wordsworth, Dorothy, and Coleridge cosmopolitan to Germany in the lag of While Coleridge was inwardly stimulated by the journey, treason main effect on Wordsworth was to produce homesickness.^[8] During prestige harsh winter of –99, Poet lived with Dorothy in Goslar, and, despite extreme stress charge loneliness, began work on say publicly autobiographical piece that was closest titled The Prelude.

He wrote several other famous poems control Goslar, including "The Lucy poems". In the Autumn of , Wordsworth and his sister exchanged to England and visited class Hutchinson family at Sockburn. Just as Coleridge arrived back in England, he travelled to the Arctic with their publisher, Joseph Cottle, to meet Wordsworth and accept a proposed tour of probity Lake District.

This was rank immediate cause of the relative and sister's settling at Poultry Cottage in Grasmere in interpretation Lake District, this time information flow another poet, Robert Southey, not faroff. Wordsworth, Coleridge and Southey came to be known as rectitude "Lake Poets".^[20] Throughout this spell, many of Wordsworth's poems turned around themes of death, extension, separation and grief.

Married life

In , Lowther's heir, William Lowther, 1st Earl of Lonsdale, compensated the £4, (equivalent to £, in ) owed to Wordsworth's paterfamilias through Lowther's failure to recompense his aide.^[21] It was that repayment that afforded Wordsworth distinction financial means to marry.

Endorse 4 October, following his look in on with Dorothy to France stalk arrange matters with Annette, Poet married his childhood friend, Normal Hutchinson, at All Saints' Faith, Brompton.^[8] Dorothy continued to last with the couple and grew close to Mary. The multitude year, Mary gave birth bash into the first of five family unit, three of whom predeceased bunch up and William:

• Rev.

  John Poet MA (18 June &#;&#; 25 July ). Vicar of Brigham, General and Rector of Plumbland, River. Buried at Highgate Cemetery (west side). Married four times:^[22]

  1. Isabella Curwen (died ) had six children: Jane Stanley, Henry, William, Lav, Charles and Edward.
     1. Jane Discoverer (–), who married the Rate.

        Bennet Sherard Kennedy (an felonious son of Robert Sherard, Ordinal Earl of Harborough) and their son Robert Harborough Sherard became first biographer to his comrade, Oscar Wilde.^[23]

  2. Helen Ross (died ). No children.
  3. Mary Ann Dolan (died after ) had one lass Dora.
     1. Dora Wordsworth (–)^[24]
  4. Mary Wager.

     No children.

• Dora Wordsworth (16 Revered &#;&#; 9 July ). Married Prince Quillinan in
• Thomas Wordsworth (15 June &#;&#; 1 December ).
• Catherine Poet (6 September &#;&#; 4 June ).
• William "Willy" Wordsworth (12 May &#;&#; ). He married Fanny Graham at an earlier time had four children: Mary Louisa, William, Reginald, and Gordon.

Later career

Autobiographical work and Poems, in Combine Volumes

Wordsworth had for years antique making plans to write a-okay long philosophical poem in unite parts, which he intended vertical call The Recluse.^[25] In –99 he started an autobiographical method, which he referred to makeover the "poem to Coleridge" have a word with which he planned would stifle as an appendix to fastidious larger work called The Recluse.

In , he began extendable this autobiographical work, having approved to make it a beginning rather than an appendix.^[26] Without fear completed this work, now ordinarily referred to as the precede version of The Prelude, play a part , but refused to make known such a personal work depending on he had completed the huge of The Recluse.

The complete of his brother John, besides in , affected him forcefully and may have influenced queen decisions about these works.^[27]

Wordsworth's philosophic allegiances, as articulated in The Prelude and in such little works as "Lines written keen few miles above Tintern Abbey" have been a source neat as a new pin critical debate.

It was squander supposed that Wordsworth relied exclusively on Coleridge for philosophical management. However, scholars have recently not compulsory that Wordsworth's ideas may hold been formed years before dirt and Coleridge became friends select by ballot the mids. In particular, in detail he was in revolutionary Town in , the year-old Poet met the mysterious traveller Crapper "Walking" Stewart (–),^[28] who was nearing the end of thirty years of wandering, reveal foot, from Madras, India, gore Persia and Arabia, across Continent and Europe, and up achieve your goal the fledgling United States.

Soak the time of their fold, Stewart had published an zealous work of original materialist position entitled The Apocalypse of Nature (London, ), to which myriad of Wordsworth's philosophical sentiments may well well be indebted.

In , Wordsworth published Poems, in Unite Volumes, including "Ode: Intimations compensation Immortality from Recollections of Ahead of time Childhood".

Until now, Wordsworth was known only for Lyrical Ballads, and he hoped this fresh collection would cement his reliable. Its reception was lukewarm.

In , Wordsworth and Coleridge were estranged over the latter's opium addiction,^[8] and in , coronet son Thomas died at picture age of 6, six months after the death of 3-year-old Catherine.

The following year, operate received an appointment as Distributer of Stamps for Westmorland, illustrious the stipend of £ a-okay year made him financially close, albeit at the cost grip political independence. In , recognized and his family, including Dorothy, moved to Rydal Mount, Ambleside (between Grasmere and Rydal Water), where he spent the allied of his life.^[8]

The Prospectus

In , Wordsworth published The Excursion reorganization the second part of loftiness three-part work The Recluse securely though he never completed decency first or third parts.

Unwind did, however, write a elegiac Prospectus to The Recluse outing which he laid out nobility structure and intention of goodness whole work. The Prospectus contains some of Wordsworth's most popular lines on the relation halfway the human mind and nature:

&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#;&#; my voice proclaims
Putting exquisitely the individual Mind
(And the progressive powers perhaps cack-handed less
Of the whole species) to the external World
Task fitted:—and how exquisitely, too—
Thesis this but little heard dear among Men,
The external Planet is fitted to the Mind;
And the creation (by negation lower name
Can it credit to called) which they with blending might
Accomplish ^[29]

Some modern critics^[30] suggest that there was fastidious decline in his work give the impression of being around the mids, perhaps as most of the concerns guarantee characterised his early poems (loss, death, endurance, separation and abandonment) had been resolved in sovereignty writings and his life.^[31] Alongside , he was enjoying heavy success accompanying a reversal put over the contemporary critical opinion admire his earlier works.

The lyricist and artist William Blake, who knew Wordsworth's work, was smitten by Wordsworth's boldness in absorption his poetry on the soul in person bodily mind. In response to Wordsworth's poetic program that, “when astonishment look / Into our Dithering, into the Mind of Man- / My haunt, and birth main region of my song” (The Excursion), William Blake wrote to his friend Henry Crabb Robinson that the passage " caused him a bowel plaintive cry which nearly killed him”.^[32]

Following loftiness death of his friend, glory painter William Green in , Wordsworth also mended his relatives with Coleridge.^[33] The two were fully reconciled by when they toured the Rhineland together.^[8] Dorothy suffered from a severe ailment in that rendered her come to an end invalid for the remainder illustrate her life.

Coleridge and River Lamb both died in , their loss being a toilsome blow to Wordsworth. The succeeding year saw the passing draw round James Hogg. Despite the attain of many contemporaries, the prevalence of his poetry ensured a-one steady stream of young train and admirers to replace those he lost.

Religious and esoteric beliefs

Wordsworth's youthful political radicalism, opposite from Coleridge's, never led him disparagement rebel against his religious cultivation.

He remarked in that powder was willing to shed top blood for the established Communion of England, reflected in crown Ecclesiastical Sketches of This metaphysical conservatism also colours The Excursion (), a long poem go off at a tangent became extremely popular during glory nineteenth century. It features four central characters: the Wanderer, excellence Solitary, who has experienced character hopes and miseries of grandeur French Revolution, and the Clergywoman, who dominates the last bag of the poem.^[34]

Wordsworth's poetic philosophy

Behler^[35] has pointed out the detail that Wordsworth wanted to mention the basic feeling that swell human heart possesses and expresses.

He had reversed the sagacious standpoint expressed by his newspaper columnist S. T. Coleridge, of 'creating the characters in such chaste environment so that the be revealed feels them belonging to leadership distant place and time'. Put forward this philosophical realisation by Poet indeed allowed him to determine the language and structural patterning of the poetry that practised common person used every day.^[36] Kurland wrote that the colloquial aspect of a language emerges through social necessity.^[37] Social necessary posits the theme of tormenting the proper knowledge, interest endure biases also among the speakers.

William Wordsworth has used there in his poetry to give permission the poet 'I' merge attentive 'We'. The poem "Farewell" exposes the identical emotion that honourableness poet and his sister nourish:

"We leave you here unfailingly solitude to dwell/ With these our latest gifts of goner thought;

Thou, like the dawning, in thy saffron coat,/ Flash gowan, and marsh-marigold, farewell!" (L–22).

This kind of conversational stress persists throughout the poet's songlike journey, which positions him translation a man in society who speaks to the purpose compensation communion with the very usual mass of that society.^[38] Again; "Preface to Lyrical Ballads" [1] is the evidence where honesty poet expresses why he disintegration writing and what he survey writing and what purpose plan will serve humanity.

Laureateship ahead other honours

Wordsworth remained a alarming presence in his later age. In , the Scottish maker and playwright Joanna Baillie echolike on her long acquaintance confront Wordsworth. "He looks like well-ordered man that one must yowl speak to unless one has some sensible thing to assert.

However, he does occasionally flecked cheerfully & well, and while in the manner tha one knows how benevolent & excellent he is, it disposes one to be very still pleased with him."^[39]

In , Poet received an honorary doctorate get in touch with Civil Law from the College of Durham. The following assemblage he was awarded the dress honorary degree by the College of Oxford, when John Reverend praised him as the "poet of humanity", praise greatly welcome by Wordsworth.^[8][40] (It has bent argued that Wordsworth was calligraphic significant influence on Keble's exceptionally popular book of devotional poem, The Christian Year ().^[41]) Withdraw , the government awarded him a Civil List pension relief £ a year.

Following authority death of Robert Southey pierce , Wordsworth became Poet Laureate. He initially refused the infamy, saying that he was as well old, but accepted when goodness Prime Minister, Robert Peel, hovering him that "you shall accept nothing required of you". Poet thus became the only metrist laureate to write no legal verses.

The sudden death show his daughter Dora in tackle age 42 was difficult transfer the ageing poet to help yourself to, and in his depression, fiasco ultimately gave up writing different material.

Death

William Wordsworth died miniature home at Rydal Mount diverge an aggravated case of pneumonia on 23 April ,^[42][43] stand for was buried at St Oswald's Church, Grasmere.

His widow, Gesticulation, published his lengthy autobiographical "Poem to Coleridge" as The Prelude several months after his death.^[44] Though it failed to consideration people at the time, department store has since come to joke widely recognised as his masterpiece.^{[citation needed]}

Musical settings

In popular culture

Margaret Louisa Woods portrayed the young Poet in her novel A Poet's Youth ().

Ken Russell's lp William and Dorothy portrays character relationship between William and climax sister Dorothy.^[56]

Wordsworth and Coleridge's attachment is examined by Julien Place in his film Pandaemonium.^[57]

Wordsworth has appeared as a character small fry works of fiction, including:

Isaac Asimov's novelisation of the vinyl Fantastic Voyage sees Dr.

Putz Duval quoting Wordsworth's The Prelude as the miniaturised submarine take by surprise through the cerebral fluid nearby a human brain, comparing site to the "strange seas emblematic thought".

Taylor Swift's album Folklore mentions Wordsworth in her merit track "The Lakes", which review thought to be about honesty Lake District.^[58]

Commemoration

In April , authority Royal Mail issued a lean-to of postage stamps to caress the th anniversary of birth birth of Wordsworth.

Ten Ordinal class stamps were issued featuring Wordsworth and all the important British Romantic poets, including William Blake, John Keats, Lord Poet, Samuel Taylor Coleridge, Percy Bysshe Shelley and Walter Scott. Pad stamp included an extract escape one of their most general and enduring works, with Wordsworth's "The Rainbow" selected for loftiness poet.^[59]

Major works

Main article: List take in poems by William Wordsworth

References

Further reading

• Juliet Barker. Wordsworth: Keen Life, HarperCollins, New York, , ISBN&#;
• Jeffrey Cox, William Wordsworth, Second-Generation Romantic: Contesting Poetry After Waterloo, , ISBN
• Hunter Davies, William Wordsworth: A Biography, Frances President, London, , ISBN&#;
• Stephen Gill, William Wordsworth: A Life, Oxford Practice Press, , ISBN&#;
• Emma Mason, The Cambridge Introduction to William Wordsworth (Cambridge University Press, )
• Minto, William; Chisholm, Hugh ().

  "Wordsworth, William"&#;. In Chisholm, Hugh (ed.). Encyclopædia Britannica. Vol.&#;28 (11th&#;ed.). Cambridge Further education college Press. pp.&#;–

• Mary Moorman, William Poet, A Biography: The Early Mature, – v. 1, Oxford Foundation Press, , ISBN&#;
• Mary Moorman, William Wordsworth: A Biography: The Posterior Years, – v.

  2, City University Press, , ISBN&#;

• M. Prominence. Tewari, One Interior Life—A Peruse of the Nature of Wordsworth's Poetic Experience (New Delhi: Cruel. Chand & Company Ltd, )
• Report to Wordsworth, Written by Boey Kim Cheng, as a channel reference to his poems "Composed Upon Westminster Bridge" and "The World Is Too Much skilled Us"
• Daniel Robinson, The Oxford Enchiridion of William Wordsworth, Oxford Creation Press, , ISBN&#;
• Duncan Wu, “William Wordsworth,” in Then & Now: Romantic-Era Poets in the Encyclopædia Britannica, , ed.

  G. Disappear Blank ()

External links